Key Area 8: Genomic Sequencing Flashcards
What is genomic sequencing?
The sequence in a genome, the order of bases in the entire of the organism’s DNA
What is the name of the enzyme that cuts DNA into fragments?
Restriction endonuclease enzymes
What is bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics uses molecular technology, statistics analysis and computer technology for rapidly mapping and analysing DNA sequencing
What organisms have had their genomes sequenced?
- bacteria and viruses
- model organisms
- pest species
What does sequencing genomes allow us to compare?
- different species that cause disease to see similarities
- different strains of the same species like harmless E. Coli with disease causing E. Coli
- cancerous cells and normal cells from the same person to try and find the cause of mutation
What does comparing genomes show?
Comparing genomes can show a high level of conservation through evolution
What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary relatedness of organisms
Where do all species start?
Common ancestor
What do mutations do in species?
Give rise to divergence if different species
What is a molecular clock?
A molecular clock is used to estimate the time when different proteins changed, caused by DNA mutation
Why are molecular clocks important with phylogenetics?
It allows scientists to gauge the time of divergence from common ancestors by looking at how similar the structure of the molecular clock is
What are the events in evolutionary life?
- cells
- last universal ancestor
- prokaryotes
- photosynthetic organisms
- eukaryotes
- multicellular organisms
- animals
- vertebrates
- land plants
What is the evidence for the events in evolutionary life?
It is found by looking at fossil records bd sequence data
What are the three domains of life?
- prokaryotes
- archea
- eukaryotes
What is the evidence for the three domains of life?
Found by looking at DNA sequences, but particularly at ribosomal RNA as these are compared easy
