Key Area 6- Respiration Flashcards
What does respiration mean?
The chemical energy stored in glucose must be released by all cells through a
series of enzyme-controlled reactions
What is ATP?
A molecule that cells can use to transfer energy from one part of the cell to another
What is glucose?
A sugar in the diet that is broken down by respiration
What is pyruvate?
A molecule that is an intermediate step in respiration
What does aerobic mean?
Requires oxygen
What does fermentation mean?
A form of respiration that does not require energy
What is lactate?
A product of fermentation in animal cells
What is ethanol?
A product of fermentation in plant and yeast cells
What are the 5 things that ATP is needed for?
- Muscle cell contraction
- Cell division/Mitosis
- Transmission of nerve impulses
- Protein synthesis
- Active Transport
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)
Which type of respiration requires oxygen?
Aerobic
Where does fermentation take place?
Cytoplasm
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Step 1- cytoplasm
Step 2- Mitochondria
What do cells need more of if they require more ATP?
More mitochondria
Name 4 examples of cells that need more mitochondria
- Sperm
- Liver
- Neurons
- Muscles
What is the basic word equation for aerobic respiration?
G + O —–> CO2 + W + energy
Explain step 1 of aerobic respiration
Glucose broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate, releasing enough energy to yield two molecules of ATP
Is an oxygen required for step 1 of aerobic respiration?
No
Is any oxygen required for step 2 of aerobic respiration?
Yes
Explain step 2 of aerobic respiration
If oxygen is present aerobic respiration takes place and the 2 pyruvate breakdown into carbon dioxide and water, releases lots of ATP
Is aerobic respiration the same for animals as it is for plants and yeast?
Yes
Is fermentation the same for animals as it is for plants and yeast?
No
Does fermentation produce the same amount of ATP as respiration?
No it produces less
Name 3 examples when fermentation is needed
- When the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen during exercise
- Yeast to make bread/beer
- Plants growing on waterlogged soil
In animal cells during fermentation what are the pyruvate molecules converted into?
Lactate
Explain fermentation in animals
As lactate builds in muscles, an oxygen debt builds up as the oxygen levels become low during intense exercise. This is reversible, and is repaid in periods of rest.
What is the summary word equation for fermentation in animals?
Glucose ——> Lactate + energy
What are the steps of fermentation in animals?
Glucose ——–> Pyruvate ——-> Lactate
/
2ATP
What is the summary word equation for fermentation in plants and yeast cells?
Glucose ——> CO + ethanol + energy
What are the steps of fermentation in plant cells?
Glucose —-> Pyruvate —-> CO2 and ethanol
/
2ATP
During fermentation in plant and yeast cells what are the pyruvate molecules converted into?
Carbon dioxide and ethanol
