Key Area 6- Respiration

Question 1

What does respiration mean?

Answer 1

The chemical energy stored in glucose must be released by all cells through a
series of enzyme-controlled reactions

Question 2

What is ATP?

Answer 2

A molecule that cells can use to transfer energy from one part of the cell to another

Question 3

What is glucose?

Answer 3

A sugar in the diet that is broken down by respiration

Question 4

What is pyruvate?

Answer 4

A molecule that is an intermediate step in respiration

Question 5

What does aerobic mean?

Answer 5

Requires oxygen

Question 6

What does fermentation mean?

Answer 6

A form of respiration that does not require energy

Question 7

What is lactate?

Answer 7

A product of fermentation in animal cells

Question 8

What is ethanol?

Answer 8

A product of fermentation in plant and yeast cells

Question 9

What are the 5 things that ATP is needed for?

Answer 9

1. Muscle cell contraction
2. Cell division/Mitosis
3. Transmission of nerve impulses
4. Protein synthesis
5. Active Transport

Question 10

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 10

Aerobic respiration and Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

Question 11

Which type of respiration requires oxygen?

Answer 11

Aerobic

Question 12

Where does fermentation take place?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 13

Step 1- cytoplasm
Step 2- Mitochondria

Question 14

What do cells need more of if they require more ATP?

Answer 14

More mitochondria

Question 15

Name 4 examples of cells that need more mitochondria

Answer 15

1. Sperm
2. Liver
3. Neurons
4. Muscles

Question 16

What is the basic word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

G + O —–> CO2 + W + energy

Question 17

Explain step 1 of aerobic respiration

Answer 17

Glucose broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate, releasing enough energy to yield two molecules of ATP

Question 18

Is an oxygen required for step 1 of aerobic respiration?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Is any oxygen required for step 2 of aerobic respiration?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Explain step 2 of aerobic respiration

Answer 20

If oxygen is present aerobic respiration takes place and the 2 pyruvate breakdown into carbon dioxide and water, releases lots of ATP

Question 21

Is aerobic respiration the same for animals as it is for plants and yeast?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Is fermentation the same for animals as it is for plants and yeast?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Does fermentation produce the same amount of ATP as respiration?

Answer 23

No it produces less

Question 24

Name 3 examples when fermentation is needed

Answer 24

1. When the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen during exercise
2. Yeast to make bread/beer
3. Plants growing on waterlogged soil

Question 25

In animal cells during fermentation what are the pyruvate molecules converted into?

Answer 25

Lactate

Question 26

Explain fermentation in animals

Answer 26

As lactate builds in muscles, an oxygen debt builds up as the oxygen levels become low during intense exercise. This is reversible, and is repaid in periods of rest.

Question 27

What is the summary word equation for fermentation in animals?

Answer 27

Glucose ——> Lactate + energy

Question 28

What are the steps of fermentation in animals?

Answer 28

Glucose ——–> Pyruvate ——-> Lactate
/
2ATP

Question 29

What is the summary word equation for fermentation in plants and yeast cells?

Answer 29

Glucose ——> CO + ethanol + energy

Question 30

What are the steps of fermentation in plant cells?

Answer 30

Glucose —-> Pyruvate —-> CO2 and ethanol
/
2ATP

Question 31

During fermentation in plant and yeast cells what are the pyruvate molecules converted into?

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide and ethanol