Key Area 5- Transport Systems In Plants Flashcards
What two types of transport tissues together form the vein of a plant?
Xylem and Phloem
What is a xylem and it’s function?
Xylem vessels are made of dead cells, contain lignin for support and are used to transport water and dissolved solutes
What is a phloem made of and what’s it’s function?
A phloem is made of living cells, which transports sugars
What is transpiration?
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant.
What is the function of the guard cells?
To open and close the stoma
When the guard cells are turgid, is the stoma open or closed?
Open
When the guard cells are shrunken/flaccid, is the stoma open or closed?
Closed
What are the three plant organs?
Roots, stems and leaves
Name the parts of the structure of a leaf, from top to bottom:
-Upper epidermis
-Palisade mesophyll
-Spongy mesophyll
-Lower epidermis
within that: Vein(xylem and phloem), Guard cells, stomata
Describe the process of transpiration:
Water evaporates from the spongy mesophyll and palisade mesophyll cells in the plant’s leaves, causing water to move into the xylem vessels replacing lost water. As xylem vessels create a continuous tube through the leaf and stem to the roots, it causes water to be ‘pulled up’ the xylem vessels from roots to leaves, by capillary action
Describe the structure of the phloem tissue:
The phloem is made up of end walls at the end of each sieve tube, which is outlined in companion cells
How do water and minerals enter the plant?
Water moves via osmosis from the soil through root hair cells, which are covered in hair to increase surface area, therefore increasing the rate at which water can be transported into the roots, the water moves from the roots via dead xylem vessels into the leaves
How does surface area affect the rate of transpiration?
As surface area increases transpiration rate increases, because a larger surface area means more stomata through which water can be lost
How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?
In higher temperatures, transpiration rate increases, as evaporation is quicker at higher temperatures
How does wind speed affect the rate of transpiration?
In windy conditions, transpiration rate increases, as water vapour is quickly removed from the leaf surface by the air movement, increasing rate of evaporation
