Key Area 1- Producing New Cells

Question 1

What is the process in which new cells are made called?

Answer 1

Cell division

Question 2

What is cell division important/used for?

Answer 2

~The growth of multicellular organisms
~The repair of multicellular organisms
~Asexual reproduction of unicellular organisms

Question 3

When a cell divides to make two daughter cells, what must the mother cell ensure?

Answer 3

That each of the daughter cells contains the same genetic information itself

Question 4

What is the process in which a cell divides and replicates its DNA called?

Answer 4

DNA replication

Question 5

After DNA replication the nucleus of the mother cell divides. What are the names (and what they lead to) of the two types of nuclear division?

Answer 5

~ MEIOSIS - Formation of sex cells (gametes)

~MITOSIS - Formation of body cells (somatic)

Question 6

What are the stages of Mitosis?

Answer 6

• chromosomes begin to coil up and condense
• Each chromosome appears as two identical chromatids held together by proteins at their centromere
• Spindle fibres begin to form, these are structural proteins
• the membrane around the nucleus is broken down
• Replicated chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell
• Spindle fibres attach to each chromosome (one fibre to each chromatid) at their centromere
• Chromatids are separated by the spindle fibres
• Chromatids move towards the poles
• The separated chromatids are now called chromosomes. They get longer and thinner and two genetically identical nuclei are formed

Question 7

What is a diploid chromosome complement?

Answer 7

46 chromosomes

Question 8

What is the chromosome complement?

Answer 8

The number of chromosomes present in a cell

Question 9

What is a chromatid?

Answer 9

A replicate of a chromosome

Question 10

What is a spindle fibre?

Answer 10

A thin fibre that connects to each chromosome (one fibre to each chromatid

Question 11

What is a stem cell?

Answer 11

A site of production of specialised cells in animals and have the potential to become different types of cells

Question 12

Give some examples of specialised cells

Answer 12

Blood, skin, muscle and nerve cells

Question 13

What is the process in which stem cells can make specialised cells?

Answer 13

Differentiation

Question 14

What are the 2 types of stem cells and what can each one do?

Answer 14

Embryonic Stem Cells - can make all different types of cells in your body
Tissue Stem Cells - can only make a few other types of cell, skin stem cells only make skin cells. Blood stem cells only make blood cells. Blood stem cells DON’T make skin cells

Question 15

What is self-renewal

Answer 15

Makes sure that you don’t run out of stem cells (stem cells do this)

Question 16

What do stem cells do in your body?

Answer 16

Help you to grow, and help you repair damage

Question 17

What does Come To Our School Orchestra stand for?

Answer 17

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems -> Organisms

Question 18

What is a tissue?

Answer 18

A group of specialised cells working together for a particular function

Question 19

What is an organ?

Answer 19

A group of tissues working together for a particular function