Key Area 3: Bonding and Properties Flashcards
Which is the most stable group?
Group 8 the noble gases
Chemical stability is achieved by?
Having a full outer shell
Three types of bonding?
Covalent (non-metal)
Ionic (metal + non-metal)
Metallic (metal)
Hydrogen and what are covalently bonded?
Non-metals in group 4,5,6,7
Covalent bonds
when positive nuclei from two atoms are held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electrons
Molecular structure
H - H O=O etc.
Molecular formula
H2 O2 for diatomics
2 types of covalent structures
Covalent molecular
Covalent network
Polytomic molecules
Phosphorus P4
Sulfur S8
Hydrogen chloride
HCl, H - Cl, H - Cl, Linear
Water
H20, angular
Ammonia
NH3, Trigonal pyramidal
Methane
CH4 Tetrahedral
Covalent networks only appear in?
Solid states
Example of covalent network element?
Diamond
Properties of Diamond
Four unpaired electrons in outer shell
Very hard
Cannot conduct no free elctrons
Properties of Graphite
Only uses three of four electrons in outer shell
Soft slippery
Graphite can conduct bc theres a free electron
Example of covalent network compoud
Silicon dioxide
The structure is a network when its boiling point is?
High
Atoms that lose electrons have?
More protons than electrons, have a positive charge
POSITIVE IONS
Atoms that gain electrons have?
More electrons than protons, have a negative charge
NEGATIVE IONS
Metal to have a full outer shell?
lose electrons
Non-metals to have a full outer shell?
gain electrons
Positive ions examples:
+ at top right
Litium atom = 2,1
Lithium ion = Li+
Magnesium ion = 2,8,2
Magnesium ion = Mg2+
(name stays the same)
Negative ion examples:
Chlorine atom = 2,8,7
Chloride ion = Cl-
Oxygen atom = 2,6
Oxide ion = O-2
(name adds an -ide to the end)
Metal atoms become?
positive
Non-metal atoms become?
negative
2-
SO
3
what does the three represent?
3 oxygen atoms present
2-
SO
3
What does the 2- represent?
The charge
Ionic bonds form?
Ionic lattice
Two types of giant structures?
Covalent network
Ionic lattice
Third compound structure?
Covalent molecular
If conducts as solid?
Metal
If low melting and high boiling point?
Covalent molecular
Ions not free to move in solid, conducts in liquid?
Ionic substance
High but never conducts?
Covalent network
Metal + non-metal =
Ionic
Non-metal + non-metal =
Covalent
If given non-metal + metal that is liquid at room temp?
Some sort of covalent bonding
Standard Solution
Is one whose concentration is known accuratley
