Key Area 2.2: Cellular respiration

Question 1

What is Glycolsis?

Answer 1

Glycolsis is the splitting of glucose

Question 2

How does the body transfer energy ( ATP) ?

Answer 2

ATP is made from ADP and inorganic phosphate using energy which is released from cellular respiration, Respiration converts the chemical energy from glucose to chemical energy to be stored in ATP.
The ATP is very important as it is used to transfer the energy to other synthetic pathways

Question 3

Draw and annotate an example of the role of ATP in energy transfer?

Answer 3

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Question 4

Name the three stages of aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

1. Glycolsis
2. Citric acid cycle
3. Electron transport chain

Question 5

What is glycolysis?

Answer 5

• Glycolysis is a series of enzyme controlled reactions that take place in the cytoplasm of cells.
• During glycolysis is broken down to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen.
• There is an energy investment phase where two molecules of ATP
• later reactions the result is direct regeneration of four ATP molecules, which is a net gain 2 ATP (known as energy pay off phase)

Question 6

What happens in the energy pay-off phase?

Answer 6

in the energy pay off phase dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen ions combine with NAD ( Hydrogen carriers) to form NADH, then if oxygen is present the oxygen is transported to the electron transport chain

Question 7

Draw and annotate the energy investment phase

Answer 7

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Question 8

Draw and annotate the energy pay-off phase

Answer 8

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Question 9

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Answer 9

The citric acid cycle is located in the central matrix of the mitochondria

Question 10

What does pyruvate break down into in the citric acid cycle?

Answer 10

Pyruvate is broken down by enzymes and becomes acetyl group and carbon dioxide

Question 11

How does the acetyl group get transferred to the citric cycle?

Answer 11

Acetyl group is transferred to the citric cycle by coenzyme A

Question 12

How is citrate ( citric acid) made for the citric acid cycle?

Answer 12

Citrate is made by the acetyl group combining with oxaloacetate

Question 13

What is constantly happening in the citric acid cycle (reference to dehydrogenase enzyme, hydrogen ions and high energy electrons)

Answer 13

During the citric acid cycle dehydrogenase enzyme removes hydrogen ions and high energy electrons

Question 14

What does dehydrogenase enzymes and high energy electrons combine with to create NADH and FAD2

Answer 14

dehydrognase enzyme and high energy electrons combine with coenzyme NAD and FAD