Key Area 2.2- Cellular respiration

Question 1

Produced by breakdown of pyruvate; joins with oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 1

Acetyl group

Question 2

Substrate used for respiration other than carbohydrate.

Answer 2

Alternative respiratory substrate

Question 3

Molecule used for energy transfers in cells.

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

Release of energy from respiratory substrates.

Answer 4

Cellular respiration

Question 5

Citric acid; first substance produced in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 5

Citrate

Question 6

Second stage of aerobic respiration, occurring in the matrix of mitochondria.

Answer 6

Citric acid cycle

Question 7

Substance that carries an acetyl group into the citric acid cycle.

Answer 7

Coenzyme A

Question 8

Enzyme which removes hydrogen from its substrate; important in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 8

Dehydrogenase

Question 9

Group of proteins embedded in membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 9

Electron transport chain

Question 10

Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 10

FAD

Question 11

Progression of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 11

Fermentation

Question 12

First stage in cellular respiration

Answer 12

Glycolysis

Question 13

Electron that can yield energy as it passes through an electron transport chain.

Answer 13

High-energy electron

Question 14

A hydrogen atom which has lost an electron leaving it positively charged.

Answer 14

Hydrogen ion (H+)

Question 15

Substance in a metabolic pathway between the original substrate and the end product.

Answer 15

Intermediate

Question 16

Produced by the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate in mammalian muscle cells.

Answer 16

Lactate

Question 17

Hydrogen carrier important in the citric acid cycle.

Answer 17

NAD

Question 18

Substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate.

Answer 18

Oxaloacetate

Question 19

Inorganic phosphate used to phosphorylate ADP.

Answer 19

Phosphate (Pi)

Question 20

Addition of phosphate to a substance.

Answer 20

Phosphorylation

Question 21

End product of glycolysis.

Answer 21

Pyruvate