Key Area 1.4 - DNA And The Production Of Proteins

Question 1

What are the bases

Answer 1

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 2

What is a nucleotide

Answer 2

The building blocks of DNA
The part of get nucleotide that can make it different is the base
Phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar
Base

Question 3

What is complementary base pairing

Answer 3

Adenine - Thymine

Guanine - Cytosine

Question 4

What does the sequence of bases determine

Answer 4

The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule can determine the order of amino acids in a protein molecule
A sequence of bases that code for a protein is called a gene

Question 5

What is the genetic code

Answer 5

The sequence of bases makes up the genetic code

Question 6

Describe stage one of protein synthesis

Answer 6

Transcription

DNA unzips exposing bases
mRNA enters the nucleus and pairs up with complementary base
Single chained mRNA leaves via pore

Question 7

Describe stage two of protein synthesis

Answer 7

Translation

mRNA enters the ribosome
Joins up with complementary tRNA
Meeting of RNA molecules forms peptide bonds between the amino acids
Chain of amino acids dissociates to be processed into the final protein

Question 8

DNA vs RNA

Answer 8

double stranded vs single stranded
Deoxyribose vs ribose
Thymine vs uracil

Question 9

What is RNA

Answer 9

RNA is a single stranded molecule composed of ribose sugar and replaced the base thymine with uracil

Question 10

What is DNA

Answer 10

Deoxyribose nucleic acid
A substance with large complex molecules that forms the genes of all living organisms
The shape of a double stranded helix
Each strand carries chemical units called bases