Key Area 1.3 - Producing New Cells Flashcards
The diamond order of DNA to the cell
DNA - substance genes are composed of, genetic info is coded
Gene - unit of genetic info found on a chromosome
Chromosomes - structure in which genetic info is packaged
Nucleus - organelle containing the diploid chromosome complement
Cell
How to cells divide
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus
Each time a cell divides two identical daughter cells are formed
What are the stages of mitosis
Replication- the process of DNA copying itself to make identical copies
1) chromosomes condense, shorten and thicken. They can be seen as pairs of chromatids
2) nuclear membrane breaks down
3) chromosomes line up at the equator
4) chromatids pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell
5) chromosomes decondense and a new nuclear membrane forms
6) the cytoplasm splits to produce 2 new daughter cells
What is a cell culture
A way for humans to produce many copies of a specific cell by encouraging cells to undergo mitosis in a pure culture
Bacteria and yeast industries use this
What are aseptic techniques
The way of preventing micro organisms from the environment containing cell cultures
What are some examples of aseptic techniques
Disinfected surface Lab coat and gloves Work carried within 20cm of a Bunsen burner Lids kept on bottles and test tubes Sterile growth medium Sterile equipment
What factors are controlled in cell culture
Temperature
pH
Oxygen concentration
Why is mitosis important
Mitosis is important as it ensures that each daughter cell is genetically identical and contains all the genetic information to carry out its activities and functions
What is the chromosome complement
The chromosome complement of a cell is the number and type of chromosomes it contains
The chromosome complement of most cells is diploid meaning their nuclei have two matching sets of chromosomes
