Key Area 1.3 - Bonding (When Elements Combine)

Question 1

What is a covalent bond

Answer 1

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between 2 non-metal atoms. The atoms are held together by the electrostatic force between the positive nuclei of each atoms and the negatively charged electrons

Question 2

What is a diatomic element and list the diatomic elements

Answer 2

A diatomic element is an element which does not exist as a single atomic but a pair of atoms of the same element that share electrons to become stable
HON7
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine

Question 3

How many bonds are used in the diatomic elements H, O and N

Answer 3

Hydrogen - Single bond
Oxygen - Double bond
Nitrogen - Triple bond

Question 4

List the orbitals of an atom

Answer 4

First shell- Spherical, can hold a maximum of 2 electrons
Second, Third shell- Tetrahedral, can hold a maximum of 8 electrons, 2 in each cloud
Electrons fill the clouds singularity before pairing up

Question 5

What is the valency

Answer 5

The valency of an element is the number of unpaired electrons in the outer shell

Question 6

List the shapes of molecules and an example drawing

Answer 6

Linear Molecule
Bent Linear Molecule
Pyramidal Molecule
Tetrahedral Molecule

Question 7

What is an ionic bond

Answer 7

An ionic bond us an electrostatic force of attraction between a positive metal ion and a negative non-metal ion
Metals form positive ions by loosing electrons and Non-metals form negative ions by gaining electrons

Question 8

What is a molecule

Answer 8

A molecule is 2 or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond