Keratitis

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Inflammation of the cornea

Question 2

Aetiology

Answer 2

1. Bacterial
   - pseudomonas (most common)
   - staph aureus
   - streps sp.
2. Fungal
   - candida
   - microsporidium
3. Viral
   - herpes simplex
   - herpes zoster

Question 3

Risk Factor

Answer 3

1. Bacterial
   - contact lens
   - trauma
   - ocular surface disease (eg. conjunctivitis)
2. Fungal
   - immunocompromised
3. Viral
   - hutchinson sign (in herpes zoster)

Question 4

Pathology

Answer 4

1. epithelial erosion
2. infiltrates
3. hypopyon
4. perforation -> endopthalmitis

++ In viral keratitis
- dendritic ulceration (linear branching with terminal buds. aka stellate ulcer)

Question 5

Symptoms

Answer 5

1. Ocular pain
2. Photophobia
3. Blurry vision
4. Watery eyes (Epiphora)

Question 6

Sign

Answer 6

1. Superficial corneal epithelial erosion
2. Infiltrates
3. Hypopyon
4. Chemosis
5. Red eye

Question 7

Investigation

Answer 7

1. Fluorescein test
2. Corneal scraping for c/s
3. Conjunctival swab for c/s

Question 9

Treatment

Answer 9

1. Therapeutic
   - antibiotic
   - antifungal
   - corneal transplant (if severe)
2. Symptomatic
   - analgesic
   - mydriatic (reduce pain)
3. Prophylactic
   - mydriatic (prevent posterior synechiae formation)