kenitiks n dynamiks

Question 1

how the drug affects the body

Answer 1

Pharmacodynamics

Question 2

how the body acts on the drug

Answer 2

Pharmacokinetics

Question 3

Is the study of the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and the foreign chemicals, including drugs that enter those systems.

Answer 3

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Question 4

Drugs usually work in one of four ways:

Answer 4

• To replace or act as substitutes for missing chemicals
• To increase or stimulate certain cellular activities
• To depress or slow cellular activities
• To interfere with functioning of foreign cells, such as invading microorganisms or neoplasms leading to cell death (drugs that act in this way are called chemotherapeutic agents)

Question 5

Drugs act in different ways to achieve results:

Answer 5

a. Agonists
b. Inhibitors
c. Competitive antagonist
d. Non competitive antagonist

Question 6

Interact directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that natural chemicals would cause at that site

Answer 6

a. Agonists

Question 7

Prevent breakdown of natural chemicals that are stimulating the receptor site

Answer 7

b. Inhibitors

Question 8

React with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect

Answer 8

c. Competitive antagonist

Question 9

React with specific receptor sites on a cell and by reacting there prevent the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on that cell

Answer 9

d. Non competitive antagonist

Question 10

Molecules of drug A react with specific receptor sites on cells of effector organs and change the cells’ activity

Answer 10

Agonist interaction with receptor site on cell.

Question 11

Drug A and drug C have an affinity for the same receptor sites and compete for these sites; drug C has a greater affinity, occupies more of the sites, and antagonizes drug A

Answer 11

B. Competitive antagonism

Question 12

Drug D reacts with a receptor site that is different from the receptor site for drug A but still somehow prevents drug A from binding with its receptor sites.

Answer 12

C. Noncompetitive antagonism.

Question 13

The ability of a drug to attack only those systems found in foreign cells

Answer 13

Selective Toxicity

Question 14

involves the study of absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs

Answer 14

PHARMACOKINETICS

Question 15

• In clinical practice, pharmacokinetic considerations include

Answer 15

-the onset of drug action ,
-drug half life,
-timing of the peak effect
- duration of drug effects - metabolism or biotransformation of the drug,
-site of excretion

Question 16

The amount of drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect

Answer 16

Critical Concentration

Question 17

A higher dose than that usually used for treatment to reach critical concentration quickly

Answer 17

Loading Dose

Question 18

Dynamic Equilibrium
Processes:

Answer 18

• Absorption from the site of entry
• Distribution to the active site
• Biotransformation (metabolism) in the liver
• Excretion from the body

Question 19

Refers to what happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues

Answer 19

ABSORPTION

Question 20

Process of Absorption

Answer 20

-Passive diffusion
-Active Transport
-Filtration

Question 21

• Major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body
• Occurs across a concentration gradient
• Movement from an area of greater concentration to lower concentration

Answer 21

Passive diffusion

Question 22

• Process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane

Answer 22

Active Transport

Question 23

• Involves movement through pores in the cell membrane either down a concentration gradient or as a result of the pull of plasmaproteins

Answer 23

Filtration

Question 24

Involves the movement of a drug to the body’s tissues

Answer 24

DISTRIBUTION

Question 25

Factors that affect drug distribution:

Answer 25

• Drug’s lipid solubility and ionization
• Perfusion of the reactive tissue

Question 26

Most drugs are bound to some extent to proteins in the blood
to be carried to the circulation.

Answer 26

Protein Binding

Question 27

Some drugs compete with each other for
protein binding sites, altering effectiveness or causing toxicity
when two drugs are given together.

Answer 27

Protein Binding

Question 28

Is a protective system of cellular activity that keeps
many things away from the CNS

Answer 28

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 29

Many drugs pass through the
placenta and affect the
developing fetus in pregnant
women.

Answer 29

Placenta and Breast Milk

Question 30

The process by which drugs are changed
into new, less active chemicals.

Answer 30

METABOLISM (BIOTRANSFORMATION)