KELL BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM Flashcards
ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY REACTION
Compared to the Rh antigens, how immunogenic are the Kell antigens?
kell antigens are less immunogenic than Rh antigens but overall represent the second most immunogenic blood group system
Why is anti-K able to cause extremely severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN)?
Anti-K antibodies can cause severe HDFN because Kell antigens are well expressed on both fetal cells and erythroid precursor cells. This means that not only mature red blood cells but also immature cells are targeted and destroyed1.
Which two genes are involved in Kell antigen formation?
The KEL gene on chromosome 7 codes for the Kell antigen itself, while the XK gene on the X chromosome codes for the Kx antigen. The Kx antigen is essential for the Kell antigen to bind to red blood cells. These are two independent genes1.
What are the low-frequency Kell antigens?
The low-frequency Kell antigens include Kp (a) and Js (a)1.
What protein is necessary for the expression of Kell antigens?
The XK protein is necessary for Kell antigen expression1
the high-frequency Kell antigens?
high frequency kell antigens include little k, kp(b), and Js(a)
What percentage of the population is positive for the K antigen (big K)?
9%
Which immunoglobulin class is associated with anti-K antibodies?
belongs to the IgG antibodies
How does the K antigen react to enzyme treatment?
K antigen is resistant to enzymes
At what temperature does anti-K react best?
Anti-K reacts best at 37°C (body temperature)
which antigens are most important in kell and may cause several hemolytic transfusions reactions
K1 and K2
how many antigens are identified with kell blood group system
20 antigens
How are Kell antibodies formed?
Kell antibodies typically form when an individual is exposed to incompatible blood containing different Kell antigens. This exposure can occur during blood transfusions.
What types of antibodies are associated with the Kell system?
IgM antibodies: These are naturally occurring and react at room temperature.
IgG antibodies: These are immune responses and react best at body temperature (37°C).
What are Kell antigens, and how are they inherited?
Kell antigens are proteins found on the surface of red blood cells. They are inherited in a codominant manner, meaning both K1 and K2 antigens can be present on red blood cells simultaneously.
