Keeping Healthy (B1) Flashcards
What is a balanced diet?
a diet consisting of a variety of different types of food and providing adequate amounts of the nutrients necessary for good health.
What factors affect metabolic rate?
Body size: Metabolic rate increases as weight, height, and surface area increase. Body composition: Fat tissue has a lower metabolic activity than muscle tissue. As lean muscle mass increases, metabolic rate increases.
What are the effects of an unbalanced diet?
An unbalanced diet can lead to health problems like high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, tooth decay, coronary heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, malnutrition and osteoarthritis. An unbalanced diet also has short-term risks such as poor sleep, mood problems, heartburn, indigestion and poor brain function.
how can we know if a diet is healthy?
You will not become overweight or underweight, you will ‘poo’ regularly, you will have energy, sex drive goes up, you’re happier (in general), you sleep better.
What are the different kinds of pathogen?
Viruses, which are very small infectious agents that only replicate in living hosts.
Bacteria, which are microscopic organisms that are often shaped as rods, spheres, or spirals.
Fungi, which are microorganisms that include yeast, mushrooms, and mold.
How do pathogens harm the body?
Pathogens are microorganisms - such as bacteria and viruses - that cause disease. Bacteria release toxins, and viruses damage our cells. They also get into cells, bursting them; this is why it is so hard to create effective antibiotics that don’t harm our bodies.
How does our body deal with pathogens?
We fight back using a more powerful defence of white cells called T and B lymphocytes. Antibodies are a special protein made by B cells. They bind to a virus to stop it from replicating, and also tag viruses so that other blood cells know to destroy them.
What are vaccinations and how do they work?
Vaccinations are dead forms of the pathogens which try and harm the body. Injecting these help the white blood cells to learn how to fight this pathogen if it comes in a live form.
How do we use drugs to treat disease?
Drugs kill pathogens in our bodies (antibiotics) or numb pain (paracetamol, aspirin and morphine)
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing more harm. Bacteria can do this through several mechanisms.
What was the importance of the work of Semmelweiss and why is it important today?
Semmelweiss introduced the washing of hands to stop the spread of bacteria in hospitals. This helped reduce the mortality rate of babies in hospitals and allowed doctors to treat all patients without passing on pathogens and bacteria from others, helping keep the viruses and disease contained within individual persons.
Why are we worried about fighting disease in the future?
Anti
Why are we worried about fighting disease in the future?
Antibiotics are becoming increasingly less effective as bacteria and pathogens are becoming increasingly immune to our medicines. Additionally, there have been no advancements in antibiotics for years, therefore indicating that we may not have new ways of fighting these pathogens for a while.
