Cells (B2) Flashcards
Learn about cells etc.
What are the similarities and differences between a plant cell and an animal cell?
Similarities: Both contain Nucleus, Mitrochondria, Endoplasmic Rectulum, Lyosome, Cell Membrane, Golgi Apparatus, Peroxisomes, Cytosol, Cytoskeleton.
Differences: Plant cells have Vacuoles, Chloroplasts, Cell Wall, whereas animal cells don’t have any different components.
What are the differences between a sperm cell, yeast cell and leaf cell?
Leaf cell:
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.
Root hair cell - has a head and tail
Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil Long ‘finger-like’ process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area. (This info doesn’t relate to this question).
Sperm cell - has a head and tail
Fertilises an egg cell - female gamete The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.
Yeast cell:
Nucleus Contains genetic code for enzymes involved in respiration
Cell membrane: Allows gases and water to pass in and out of the cell while controlling the passage of other chemicals
Cell wall Provide rigidity to maintain cell shape
Cytoplasm: Enzymes are made and reactions involved in respiration occur here
Mitochondria Contains enzymes for the reactions in aerobic respiration
Which parts of a leaf cell would not be found in a sperm cell?
Leaf cell
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.
Sperm cell
Fertilises an egg cell - female gamete The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.
In which two ways, is a root hair cell different from an animal cell?
Root hair cell:
Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil Long ‘finger-like’ process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.
Animal cell:
Nucleus: Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell.
Cytoplasm: Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes
Cell membrane: Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Mitochondria: Most energy is released by respiration here
Ribosomes: protein synthesis happens here
Why do SPERM CELLS need so many Mitochondria?
Each one has many mitochondria (where respiration occurs) to release the energy needed for its journey.
What are the main tissues in a leaf?
Plants have two different types of ‘transport’ tissue, xylem and phloem, that move substances in and around the plant. When water evaporates from the leaves, resulting in more water being drawn up from the roots, it is called transpiration.
How is a leaf specialised to carry out photosynthesis?
Adaption Purpose
Large surface area: To absorb more light
Thin: Short distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse into leaf cells
Chlorophyll: Absorbs sunlight to transfer energy into chemicals
Network of veins: To support the leaf and transport water and carbohydrates
Stomata: Allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles (molecules or ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Particle size, temperature, concentration difference and diffusion distance affect the rate of diffusion. The particle size highly influences the rate of diffusion. Since the heat of the environment is the energy source for diffusion, a smaller particle at a given temperature moves faster than a larger particle.
How is the alveolus adapted for rapid diffusion?
The alveolus is adapted to make gas exchange in lungs happen easily and efficiently. … it gives the lungs a really big surface area. it has moist, thin walls (just one cell thick) it has a lot of tiny blood vessels called capillaries.
What are the major organs of the digestive system?
The major parts of the digestive system: Salivary glands. Pharynx. Esophagus. Stomach. Small Intestine. Large Intestine. Rectum. Accessory digestive organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
What are the main tissues in the stomach and their roles?
Muscular tissue - to churn the food and other contents of the stomach. Glandular tissue - to produce digestive juices including acid and enzymes. Epithelial tissue - to cover the inner and outer surfaces of the stomach.
