Karyotyping part 2

Question 1

applied after cells have been arrested during cell division by a solution of colchicine

Answer 1

Giemsa

Question 2

the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell

Answer 2

Barr body

Question 3

Chromosomes 1-3 are largest with median centromere

Answer 3

GROUP A

Question 4

Chromosome 4-5 are large with submedian centromere

Answer 4

Group B

Question 5

Chromosomes 6-12 are medium sized with submedian centromere

Answer 5

Group C

Question 6

Chromosomes 13-15 are medium sized with acrocentric centromere

Answer 6

Group D

Question 7

Chromosomes 16-18 are short with median or submedian centromere

Answer 7

Group E

Question 8

Chromosome 19-20 are short with median centromere

Answer 8

Group F

Question 9

Chromosomes 21-22 are very short with acrocentric centromere

Answer 9

Group G

Question 10

Similar to Group C

Answer 10

Chromosome X

Question 11

Similar to Group G

Answer 11

Chromosome Y

Question 12

is obtained with Giemsa stain following digestion of chromosomes with trypsin
This method will normally produce 300-400 bands in a normal, human genome

Answer 12

G-banding

Question 13

tend to be heterochromatic, late-replicating and AT rich

Answer 13

Dark regions

Question 14

is the reversed of G-banding
produces bands complementary to G-bands; induced by treatmentwith high temperature, low pH, or acridine orange staining; often used together with G-banding on human karyotype to determine whether there are deletions.

Answer 14

R-banding

Question 15

Giemsa binds to consecutive heterochromatin, so it stains centromeres.

Answer 15

C-banding

Question 16

is a fluorescent pattern obtained using quinacrine for staining. The pattern of bands is very similar to that seen in G-banding.

Answer 16

Q-banding

Question 17

Visualize telomeres

Answer 17

T-banding

Question 18

Silvernitrate stains the nucleolar organization region-associated protein. This yields a dark region where the silver is deposited, denoting the activity of rRNA genes within the NOR.

Answer 18

Silver staining

Question 19

molecular cytogenetic technique used to simultaneously visualize all the pairs of chromosomes in an organism in different colors

Answer 19

Special Karyotyping

Question 20

technique used to quantify the DNA copy number on a genomic scale.

Answer 20

Digital Karyotyping

Question 21

where there are more than two sets of homologous chromosomes in the cells, occurs mainly inplants

Answer 21

Polyploidy

Question 22

where one sexisdiploid, and the other haploid. Itis a common arrangement in the Hymenoptera,and in some other groups.

Answer 22

Haplo-diploidy

Question 23

A process by which chromosomes replicate without the divisionof the cell nucleus,resulting in a polyploid nucleus. Also called endomitosis.

Answer 23

Endopolyploidy

Question 24

is the condition in which the chromosome number inthe cellsisnot the typical number for the species.

Answer 24

Aneuploidy

Question 25

from a truncated short arm on chromosome 5. The name comes from the babies’ distinctive cry, caused by abnormal formation of the larynx.

Answer 25

Cri du chat

Question 26

from the loss of part of the short arm of chromosome1.

Answer 26

1p36 Deletion syndrome

Question 27

50%of cases have a segment of the long arm of chromosome15
missing;a deletion of the maternal genes, example of imprintingdisorder

Answer 27

Angelman syndrome

Question 28

50%of cases have a segment of the long arm of chromosome15 missing;a deletion of the paternal genes,example of imprintingdisorder.

Answer 28

Prader-Willi syndrome