Karius - Sleep & EEG

Question 1

gene products that set up circadian rhythm

Answer 1

• CLK
• BMAL
• Per
• CRY

Question 2

area of the brain where circadian rhythm is generated

Answer 2

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 3

area of the brain that controls circadian rhythm and sleep induction/arousal

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

3 stages of non-REM sleep

Answer 4

• 1
• 2
• deep

Question 5

EEG findings during REM sleep

Answer 5

low amplitude, high frequency

Question 6

most of sleep time is spent in

Answer 6

non-REM sleep

Question 7

nucleus of the hypothalamus that’s impt in sleep induction

Answer 7

ventral preoptic area

Question 8

what binds to DP on meningeal cells?

Answer 8

PGD2

Question 9

what is released from DP cells of meningies?

Answer 9

adenosine

Question 10

what receptoe does adenosine bind to in the VPO

Answer 10

2a

Question 11

what area releases Ach into the geniculate body to induce REM sleep

Answer 11

lateral pontine tegmentum

Question 12

where does the geniculate body send info to to induce REM sleep

Answer 12

occipital cortex

Question 13

what induces muscle paralysis in REM sleep?

Answer 13

Locus Ceruleus

Question 14

the lateral hypothalamus is one of the only sources of what in the brain?

Answer 14

Orexin A and B

Question 15

what NT is released in the locus ceruleus to active LC neurons

Answer 15

histamine

Question 16

LC neurons release what NT to suppress REM sleep?

Answer 16

NE

Question 17

waves that occur during quiet wakefulness with eyes closed

Answer 17

alpha

Question 18

origin of alpha waves

Answer 18

from occipital cortex

Question 19

waves that occur while awake with eyes open

Answer 19

beta

Question 20

origin of beta waves

Answer 20

frontal, parietal cortex

Question 21

waves ass’d with attention/motor planning

Answer 21

gamma

Question 22

waves ass’d with furstration and sleep

Answer 22

theta

Question 23

slowest and largest waves

Answer 23

delta

Question 24

waves that do not require connection btwn thalamus and ctx

Answer 24

delta

Question 25

duration of first sleep cycle

Answer 25

70-100 min

Question 26

later sleep cycle avg length

Answer 26

90 min

Question 27

REM sleep is characterized by

Answer 27

rapid eye movement

Question 28

- slow, rolling movements of eyes | - EMGs show mm activity

Answer 28

stage 1 (N1) sleep

Question 29

- low voltage EEG | - slowing of EEG freq

Answer 29

stage 1 (N1) sleep

Question 30

Stage 2 sleep is known as

Answer 30

true sleep

Question 31

EMGs show v quiet mm activity

Answer 31

stage 2 (N2) sleep

Question 32

- increasing EEG voltage - slowing of EEG frequency - sleep spindles - K complexes

Answer 32

Stage 2 (N2) sleep

Question 33

EEG sign that someone is truly asleep

Answer 33

sleep spindles

Question 34

bursts of alpha-like activity

Answer 34

sleep spindles

Question 35

- increasing EEG voltage | - slowing of frequency with prominent theta and delta waves

Answer 35

deep sleep

Question 36

- rapid side-to-side eye movement | - EMG becomes v quiet

Answer 36

REM sleep

Question 37

- rapid, low voltage EEG | - similar to beta waves

Answer 37

REM sleep