karch focus 8th nurs 317

Question 1

During severe exertion, a man may lose up to 4 L of hypotonic sweat per hour. This loss would result in
a.decreased plasma volume.
b.decreased plasma osmolarity.
c.decreased circulating levels of ADH.
d.return of body fluid balance to normal after ingestion of 100 mL of water.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

Urine passes through the ureter by
a.osmosis.
b.air pressure.
c.filtration.
d.peristalsis.

Answer 2

d

Question 3

When describing renal reabsorption to a group of students, the instructor would identify it as the movement of which?
a.Substances from the renal tubule into the blood
b.Substances from the blood into the renal tubule
c.Water that is increased in the absence of ADH
d.Sodium occurring only in the proximal tubule

Answer 3

a

Question 4

Considering the functions of the kidney, if a patient lost kidney function, a nurse would expect to see
a.increased red blood cell count.
b.decreased fluid volume.
c.low blood potassium.
d.variability in control of blood pressure.

Answer 4

d

Question 5

Blood flow to the nephron differs from blood flow to other tissues in that
a.the venous system is not involved in blood flow around the nephron.
b.there are no capillaries in the nephron allowing direct flow from the artery to the vein.
c.efferent and afferent arterioles allow for autoregulation of blood flow.
d.the capillary bed has a fenestrated membrane to allow passage of fluid and small particles.

Answer 5

c

Question 6

Concentration and dilution of urine are controlled by
a.afferent arterioles.
b.the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
c.aldosterone release.
d.the countercurrent mechanism.

Answer 6

d

Question 7

Women tend to have more problems with bladder infections than men because
a.women have Escherichia coli in the urinary tract.
b.women have a short urethra, making access to the bladder easier for bacteria.
c.the prostate gland secretes a substance that protects men from bladder infections.
d.women’s urine is more acidic, encouraging the growth of bladder bacteria.

Answer 7

b

Question 8

Considering the metabolic functions of the kidneys, renal failure would be expected to cause which conditions?
a.Anemia
b.Loss of calcium regulation
c.Urea buildup on the skin
d.Respiratory alkalosis
e.Metabolic acidosis
f.Changes in the function of blood cells

Answer 8

a,b , c, e, f

Question 9

During severe diarrhea, there is a loss of water, bicarbonate, and sodium from the GI tract. Physiological compensation for this would probably include which conditions?
a.Increased alveolar ventilation
b.Decreased hydrogen ion secretion by the renal tubules
c.Decreased urinary excretion of sodium and water
d.Increased renin secretion
e.Increased hydrogen ion secretion by the renal tubules
f.Increased ADH levels

Answer 9

a,c,d,e,f

Question 10

Maintenance of blood pressure is important in maintaining the fragile nephrons. Reflex systems that work to ensure blood flow to the kidneys include
a.the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system causing vasoconstriction.
b.baroreceptor monitoring of the renal artery.
c.aldosterone release secondary to angiotensin stimulation.
d.ADH release in response to decreased blood volume with increased osmolarity.
e.release of erythropoietin.
f.local response of the afferent arterioles.

Answer 10

a,c,d,f