Kaplan questions

Question 1

A 40-year-old woman presents with intense pruritus and fatigue. Her medical history is significant for hypothyroidism. Physical examination reveals a slightly enlarged liver and xanthomas. Laboratory studies show a cholesterol level of 538 mg/dL and alkaline phosphatase 571 IU/L. Which of the following serum values would most likely be elevated?

Answer 1

antimitochondrial antibody

-also, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (markers of cholestasis)

Question 2

a 40 year-old woman presents with intense pruritus and fatigue. pmhx includes hypothyroidism. PE: enlarged liver, xanthomas. what is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 2

primary billiary cirrhosis

Question 3

in a patient with an enlarged liver and hx of chronic alcohol abuse, what is the most common lab finding?

Answer 3

elevated PT and increased serum transaminases

Question 4

what is the typical presentation of cholestatic liver disease?

Answer 4

pruritis and fatigue

Question 5

A 33-year-old man comes to his health care provider for a physical examination and chest x-ray that is required by his new employer, an asbestos removal company. He is feeling well and has no complaints. He takes no medications. He does not smoke cigarettes or use drugs. He has no history of previous potentially toxic exposures. His temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, pulse is 63/min, and respirations are 18/min. His lungs are clear to auscultation. He has no clubbing of his fingers. The remainder of the examination is unremarkable. Chest x-ray shows a 1.9-cm nodule in the left lower lobe with large, coarse, and dense calcifications. Which of the following is the most appropriate management regarding evaluation of this mass?

Answer 5

repeat chest XR in 3 months

Question 6

what is considered low risk for a lung malignancy?

Answer 6

nonsmoker, age <35, and calcified nodule <3-4 cm in diameter.

Question 7

what is considered a high risk for lung malignancy?

Answer 7

smoker over 50.

Question 8

what is the best diagnostic procedure for a lung nodule in a high risk patient in the peripherals?

Answer 8

open lung biopsy

Question 9

what are characteristics of a benign single pulmonary nodule?

Answer 9

large, coarse, dense