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Pulm > Kaplan Qbank Pulm > Flashcards

Kaplan Qbank Pulm Flashcards

0
Q

Common causes for ARDS are? 4 things

A

trauma, sepsis, shock, and gastric aspiration

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1
Q

What type of lung cancer can cause SIADH?

A

SIADH can be caused by ectopic ADH secretion by small cell carcinomas of the lung, CNS disorders, chronic pulmonary dx, and certain drugs. Features include excessive water retention, hyponatremia, and serum hypo-osmolarity with urine osmolarity greater than serum osmolarity.

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2
Q

The histopathologic hallmark is formation of hyaline membranes consisting of proteinaceous material and epithelial necrotic debris.

A

ARDS

Release of cytokines, eicosanoids, and free radicals promotes alveolar damage.

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3
Q

Children with WHAT will be toxic in appearance, will refuse to eat, and may drool (distress, dysphagia, drooling)?

May also have acute onset of high fever, inspiratory stridor, and refusal to drink water.

A

Epiglottitis

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4
Q

hemosiderin-laden macrophage

A

Congestive heart failure

Could also be Goodpasture

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5
Q

Exudative effusions with high lipid content, and are most commonly related to trauma and malignancy.

A

Chylous effusions

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6
Q

Most common cause of lobar pneumonia? What is its gram stain? Type of hemolysis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of lobar pneumonia in adults.
It is a gram-positive, catalase-negative diplococcus. It is alpha-hemolytic, bile-soluble, and inhibited by Optochin. Treat with penicillins if it is caused by a susceptible strain; antibiotic sensitivity testing is needed to guide drug choice.

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7
Q

What is a gram-positive, catalase-negative diplococcus that is alpha-hemolytic, bile-soluble, and inhibited by Optochin?

A

Strep pneumo

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9
Q

How do you treat strep pneumo?

A

Treat with penicillins if it is caused by a susceptible strain; antibiotic sensitivity testing is needed to guide drug choice.

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10
Q

Increased Reid index

A

Chronic bronchitis

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11
Q

Apical cavitary lesions

A

Secondary TB

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12
Q

Curschmann spirals

A

Asthma

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13
Q

Elevated sweat salt levels

A

CF

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14
Q

Enlarged hilar glands

A

Granulomatous diseases (sarcoidosis), lymphoma, or tumor

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15
Q

Result of stimulation of M3 in lungs and blood vessels

A

Bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion; decreased blood pressure and tachycardia

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16
Q

Result of stimulation of beta-2 receptors in the lungs and blood vessels

A

Bronchodilation; decreased BP and tachycardia

17
Q

Alpha-1 stimulation

A

increased blood pressure and generates a reflex bradycardia

18
Q

Radiolucency along CW on CXR

A

pneumothorax

19
Q

History of asthma, sudden-onset SOB, altered breath sounds

A

pneumothorax

20
Q

Lobar infiltrate

A

pneumonia

21
Q

Wedge-shaped opacity

A

pulmonary embolism

22
Q

Medial hypertrophy, arterial fibrosis, and marked narrowing of the arterial lumina

A

arterial thrombosis

23
Q

Treatment of secondary pulmonary hypertension

A

Calcium channel blockers, endothelial receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, prostacyclin analogues

24
Q

early onset panacinar emphysema

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

25
Q

rapid-onset of respiratory insufficiency secondary to diffuse alveolar damage. lungs show alveoli filled with proteinaceous debris and desquamatated alveolar lining cells + alveolar septa lined by hyaline membranes

A

ARDS

26
Q

Chronic airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness

A

atopic asthma

27
Q

Necrotizing and hemorrhagic pneumonitis accompanied by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; fresh hemorrhage and hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs

A

Goodpasture syndrome

28
Q

Interstitial pneumonitis that produces noncaseating giant-cell granulomas + nodules in lungs and hilar lymph nodes

A

Sarcoidosis

29
Q

Very ill patient develops hypoxia and bilateral lung infiltrates several days after being admitted to ICU

A

ARDS

30
Q

Lung damage triggered by neutrophils that release cytokines that attract histiocytes and produce a variety of compounds that damage the alveolar epithelium

A

ARDS

31
Q

What syndrome can develop in morbidly obese patients that results in hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis?

A

Pickwarian syndrome

32
Q

Respiratory acidosis is characterized by:

A

low pH, high PaCO2, and high bicarb

33
Q

Aspirin-induced asthma results from

A

inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathways –> relative decrease of prostaglandin bronchodilators to leukotriene bronchoconstrictors

Pulm (5 decks)

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