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MSK 2 > Kaplan > Flashcards

Kaplan Flashcards

1
Q

Pearly or waxy nodule that may have central ulceration. Typically on sun exposed areas of H/N/upper trunk. Rarely mets, can be locally destructive, can recur locally if not excised completely.

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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2
Q

BCCa are small (malign/B9) basal cells derived from stratum ___ forming dermal nests and strands with peripheral ____ _____.

A

malignant
stratum basale
peripheral nuclear palisading.

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3
Q

Name the seronegative spondyloarthropathies and associated antigen.

A

HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis

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4
Q

Anterior uveitis + arthritis + urethritis or cervicitis

A

Reactive Arthritis

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5
Q

dx anterior uveitis with what?

A

slit lamp

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6
Q

Location where each present.

  • Peripheral vascular disease ulcers
  • Diabetic ulcers
  • Venous stasis ulcers (stasis dermatitis)
A
  • Peripheral vascular disease ulcers: tips of digits
  • Diabetic ulcers: foot pressure points
  • Venous stasis ulcers: above medial malleolus
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7
Q

What results from degranulation of mast cells, releasing inflammatory mediators like Histamine. Typically Ig__.

A

Allergic urticaria

IgE-mediated process

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8
Q

In urticaria reactions, ___ cell degranulation results in dilated superficial ___ channels and intradermal edema, leading to development of ____

A

Mast cell degranulation
superficial lymphatic channels
development of pruritic wheals

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9
Q

ABCDE dx of melanoma

A 
Asymmtric
Borders (irregular)
Color (variegated)
Diameter (>5mm)
Enlarging (vertical or horizontal growth)
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10
Q

A bicyclist chews tobacco and has actinic chelitis on the lower lip. He is at risk for development of?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the lower lip (classic location).

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11
Q

What is caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition into joints and soft tissue?

  • Common location of presentation early in dz
  • Aspiration birefringent test
A

GOUT

  • early: podagra (painful big toe) —> late: tophi
  • negative birefrigent yellow needle shape on parallel polarizer; blue when perpendicular
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12
Q

Tumor found in long bones of young pts, pain is usually worse at night, concentric laminated periosteal reaction.

A

Ewing sarcoma

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13
Q

translocation of Ewing sarcoma

A

t(11;22)

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14
Q

XR shows narrow joint space, osteophytes, dense sclerotic bone, subchondral bone pseudocytes.

  • What is this describing
  • Is this inflammatory or non-inflammatory?
A

Osteoarthritis; non-inflammatory

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15
Q

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells in infiltrate. Morning stiffness.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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16
Q

striated muscle tumor of childhood, most often found in H/N and GU region.

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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17
Q

Diagnostic test in rhabdomyosarcoma

A

desmin

t(1;13) or t(2;13)

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18
Q

Small cystic spaces caused by myxoid degeneration of connective tissue.

A

Ganglion cyst

19
Q

Amorphous crystalline masses surrounded by macrophages.

A

Gout tophi

20
Q

PIP hyperE, DIP Flexed

A

Swan neck deformity in Rheumatoid arthritis

21
Q

Subcutaneous nodules. Histology reveals fibrinoid necrosis with palisading epithelioid cells.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

22
Q

malignancy of epithelial keratinocytes

A

cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

23
Q

basophilic rhomboid crystals on polarization

  • what is this
  • common location
A

pseudogout

-commonly affects knee

24
Q

What most frequently results form deficiency of enzyme tyrosinase hydroxylase, resulting in in ability to synthesize ___ from tyrosine, an _____ amino acid

A

Albinism

cannot synthesize melanin from tyrosine, which is an aromatic amino acid.

25
Q

what is pannus?

A

When synovial membrane becomes markedly thickened in rheumatoid arthritis.

26
Q

What causes joint stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

pannus an dedematous villous projections that extend into the joint space

27
Q
  • Lung cancer that mets to bones are osteo____.

- Prostate cancer that mets to bones are osteo___.

A

Lung=osteoLytic (bone resorbing)

Prostate=osteoblastic (bone forming)

28
Q

Expect ___ in a pt who develops erythematous skin lesions with a targetoid appearance.
-___ dz infects ____ cells of the skin, causing the targetoid appearance.

A

Erythema multiforme

Herpes Simplex Virus infects keratinocytes.

CD4+ peripheral and CD8+ centrally trigger apoptosis.

29
Q

Autoimmune skin condition with IgG antibodies directed against the intercellular attachment sites (___).

A

Pemphigus vulgaris.

IgG against desmosomes.

30
Q

How does pemphigus vulgaris present?

A

painful blisters or bullae on skin or oral mucosa with a positive Nikolsky sign.

31
Q

A 14 year old male has 6 light brown skin macules, 3cm in diameter on his torso. Small, firm masses are felt in the subcutaneous tissue below two of the macules.
What does he have?

A

NF1, the macules are cafe-au-lait spots, associated with subcutaaneous neurofibromas

32
Q

What structures are associated with neurofibromas?

A

Neurofibromas derive from peripheral nerves

33
Q

CAFESPOT mnemonic for NF1 features

A 
Cafe-au-lait spots
Axillary Freckling
"Eye" (lisch) nodules
Scoliosis
Pheochromocytoma
Optic Tumor (Glioma)
34
Q

what is this: suprabasal bullous formation with intraepidermal separation of cells
dissolution of intercellular bridges that connect squamous epithelial cells. And intraepithelial blisters.

A

acantholysis associated with pemphigus

35
Q

Suspect ____ with multiple flaccid bullae of skin and mucous membranes.

A

pemphigus vulgaris

  • *ORAL
  • *IgG against Dsg 1 and Dsg 3
36
Q

Suspect ___ with subepidermal blisters and autoab against hemidesmosomes.

A

bullous pemphigoid

**no oral involvement

37
Q

CDKN2A LoF

A

melanoma

38
Q

significant of acanthosis nigricans lesions

A

may be a sign of visceral carcinoma (underlying GI adenocarcinoma)

39
Q

Granular deposits of IgA and C3 in dermal papillary tips

A

dermatitis herpetiformis

40
Q

B9 epidermal tumors that appear as flat, pigmented, greasy lesions taht seem to be “stuck on” the skin. Can be partially peeled away with a scalpel.
See what microscopically?
What genetic?

A

Seborrheic Keratosis (FGFR3)

see keratin filled cysts or pseudo-horn cysts microscopically.

41
Q

normal osteoblast and osteoclast counts. associate Cushing dz with…

A

osteoporosis

42
Q

Describe muscle weakness progression in DMD.

A

Begins proximally, affecting hip and lower extremities, later progressively extending to involve the neck, shoulders, arms.

43
Q

Inheritance of DMD.

A

X-linked recessive.

44
Q

palisading (three things)

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
BCCa
Schwannoma

MSK 2 (14 decks)

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