Kap 6. Connecting with the Social world Flashcards

Attachment

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1
Q

Definisjon av “attachment”?

A

et bånd mellom en person eller et dyr, og en spesifikk annen som varer over tid og nærhet

  • strategi mot angst og sperasjon for spedbarn
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2
Q

John Bowlby

A

Første i å studere hvordan spebarn som blir skilt fra moren sin ikke utviklet seg like bra

f.eks - Hospitalism
- animal studies (imprinting, surrogate mother)

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3
Q

What did Harry Harlow find out in is surrogate mother (rhesus monkey) experiment?

A

rather go to cudling mother than food mother

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4
Q

Classic attachment theory

A

Assumptions that its
- adaptive
- Sensitivity period
- one attachment figure (usually mother)
- Attachment quality as a result of interactional experiences
- Development of “internal working models”

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5
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

kjent for sitt arbeid med utviklingen av tilknytningsteorien.

  • designet “the stange situation”

looked at attachment of behavoiur, phases, connections between parenting behavior and attachemt security

Sammarbeidet med joh bowly og studerte barn i Uganda

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6
Q

Attachement behavior discovered by Mary Ainswirtg

A
  • smiling
  • Clinging / touching
  • protest on separation
  • cuteness
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7
Q

Phases of attachment (also M. A)

A
  • Indiscrimate/Pre attachment (newborn 0- 6 weeks)
  • Discriminate/ Attachment in the making (6-8 months)
  • Specific/ Clear-cut attachment (6/8 - 18/24months)
  • Goal-corrected/ Reciprocal relationships ( 18 months to 3 years)
  • Lessening (school age)

Se tabell s.194

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8
Q

Maternal Sensitivity Sclaes (M.A)

A

Verktøy som måler mors evne til å oppfatte spedbarnets signaler nøyaktig og svare på disse signalene raskt og riktig.

1-9 point sensitivity scale
(good mother 9 and bad mother 1)

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9
Q

Attachment styles

A

Separation Anxiety
Stranger Anxiety
Reunion Behavior
Other

se pp.

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10
Q

the strange situation strategi

A

“gold standard”
imporant because of secure base idea

–> circle of security.

se pp.

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11
Q

longterm Effect of early infant attachment

A
  • no direct sammenheng med romatisk prosess i 16 årene/early adulthood
  • Et

Difficult to do reseach
se pp

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12
Q

Interal working model

A

a mental representation of the self and others and how they might interact in different circumstances

  • proposed by Bowlby
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13
Q

The multiple caregiver paradox

A

Hvis (a) sikker og usikker tilknytning
mønstre er kvalitativt motsatte, slik at
sikker tilknytning spår mer positivt
resultater enn usikker tilknytning;
og (b) tilknytning til mor og far
er like viktige når det gjelder å forutsi visse
utviklingsmessige resultater; da (c) er det det
umulig å forutsi utfall av en
viss kvalitet gitt at barn ofte
danne sikker tilknytning til en
omsorgsperson og utrygg tilknytning til
en annen.”

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14
Q

What is the Strange Situation?

A

examines an infant´s reaction in certain unusual and mildly threathening situation, both in the mother´s presence and when the mother has left the room

situasjonsprosedyren for å observere tidlig følelsesmessig tilknytning mellom et barn og deres primære omsorgsperson.

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15
Q

What is a Attachment style?

A

the pattern relating to significant others that is based on expecations about how they will respond and that affects perceptions, emotions, thought, and behavior in close relationships with other

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16
Q

Bases of Social Interaction

A
  • Contigent Responding (still face vs. social interaction)
  • Social Referencing (relying on the expression/behavior on others to gain information)
  • Joint Attention
  • Gaze Following
17
Q

Bowly proposed that infants have an internal working model. What is that?

A

It is a mental representation of the self and others and how they might interact in different circumstances

18
Q

Two prototypical models of the infant

A

Stimulation model
* Infant as an apprentice
* Caregiver has to stimulate
the child’s development

-> e.g. rural subsistence faming
communities in the
majority world

Communication model
* Infant as an individual
with preferences, wishes
and needs
* Caregiver as quasi-equal
communicative partner

-> e.g. urban middle-class
families in Europe and
North America