Kap 1. Approaching Psychological Development Flashcards
Empiricism
is a view of development that emphasizes the idea that a general, all -purpose learning system, with few or no biases toward acquiring particular kinds of information, is present at birth
- Tabula rasa (Locke)
- Mental Assosiatine (Berkley)
- Associations (Hume)
- Little Albert (Watson)
Nativism
a view of development that emphasizes the idea that a set of different learning systems is present at birth, in which each system is biased to acquire particular kinds of information better than others
-Chomsky´s view on language acquitions
Infancy
1-12 months or 18 months
- infants are largely preverbal
Prenatal period
From conception to birth (intra-uterine)
Focuses largely on anatomical and physiological development. Understanding the psychological effects of substances that can harm the developing fetus
(Funn: De kan høre stemmen til mor = foretrekker mors stemme etter fødsel)
The preschool period
1,5 to 4 years old
Young school age
5 - 7 years
- social and cognitive skills expand considerably
Adolescence
13 to 20 years old
- Fysical changes - puberty
- Cognitive, emotional
Later school age
8-12 years old
- improve their ability to express complicated thoughts and solve complex problems
Young adulthood
21 - 30 years
- more detailed knowledge and applied skills
Middle Adulthood
31 to 60 years old
- Career peak (USA)
Late Adulthood
from late 60s onward–>
- decline in motor and cognitive skills
Toodler
1-2 years
Neonatal
newborn-1 month
Early childhood
1-3 years
Areas of Development ( 6 psychological processes)
- Perceptual development
- Cognitive development
- Moral development
- Social development
- Action development
- Emotional development
Ethology
Etologi er studiet av dyrs atferd i deres naturlige miljø, med fokus på hvordan atferden har utviklet seg gjennom evolusjon og tilpasset seg miljøet.
Avhengig varibel
Den variabelen man måler
Uavhengig variabel
Den manipulerte variabelen
Converging methods
a reseacher apply more methods to the same problem, the different approaches tend to complement each other in ways that create a more accurate overall picture
Why do we study development?
- insight into psychologial structure
- understandmate to make social policy, infrastructure, interventions (schools, foreldre perm, barnearbeid)
- learning capabilities (help does med utviklingshemming)
- influence (nature vs. nurture)
Define developmental psychology
a complex, elegant and intrinsically fascinating scientific study of how children´s minds and behaviors grow over time
“When we study development, we are interested in the patterns of change that occur in an
organism as it progresses through its lifespan.”
Childs progress is …. shaped
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