Kap 3. Coming to perceive the World

Question 1

Preferential looking method

Answer 1

an idea that infants might prefer looking at some displays (f.eks pattern) more than others

Question 2

Habititaion method

Answer 2

rather than hoping that infants´preferences will be strong enough to provide evidence that they can discriminate between stimuli, as the preferential lokking method does, the habititan method in essence creates preferences

Question 3

Habituation

Answer 3

refererer til en prosess der en person eller et dyr gradvis slutter å reagere på en stimulus etter gjentatt eksponering, fordi stimulansen blir oppfattet som ubetydelig eller irrelevant.

På norsk = tilvenning

Question 4

Optokinetic nystagmus method

Answer 4

reaseachers drag a panel of vertical stripes from right to left in front of an infant to determine how fine-grained the stripe pattern must be before the infants´eyes stop jumping from stripe to stripe and behave as if it were one homogeneous gray pattern moving from right to left

Question 5

Vissually evoked potential methos (VEP)

Answer 5

using electrodes to the babys scalpe to measure brain activity

Question 5

Optokinetic nystagmus

Answer 5

is the jumping of the eyes as they track a continuous succession of objects that stream by, such as watching telephone poles stream by while looking out of a moving train.

Question 6

Astigmatism

Answer 6

er en tilstand i øyet som forårsaker uskarpt eller forvrengt syn fordi hornhinnen eller linsen har en uregelmessig form.

Question 7

Optical acuity

Answer 7

the sharpness of the image on the retina

Question 8

Processing acuity

Answer 8

how well the brain´s visual cortex processes the informatin received from the retina

Question 9

Hue

Answer 9

to tell apart different wavelength of light

Question 10

Categorical perception

Answer 10

refererer til en psykologisk prosess der variasjoner innenfor en kontinuerlig stimulus oppfattes som tilhørende distinkte kategorier, i stedet for som en jevn overgang.

• farge/wavelength/Regnbue

Question 11

Dynamic cues..

Answer 11

refererer til signaler eller ledetråder som endrer seg over tid og gir informasjon basert på bevegelse eller tidsavhengige endringer.

Question 12

Binocular cues

Answer 12

refererer til visuelle signaler som krever bruk av begge øyne for å oppfatte dybde og avstand. Disse signalene er kritiske for å skape en tredimensjonal forståelse av verden.

Question 13

Pictorial cues

Answer 13

refererer til visuelle signaler som brukes til å oppfatte dybde og rom i todimensjonale bilder eller scener. Disse signalene gir oss informasjon om romlig oppsett og avstand, selv om vi bare ser et flatt bilde.

se figur 3.12 s. 89

1. Interposition cues
   
   • when one shape overlaps another
2. Converge in the distance
   
   • describes the way parallel lines seem to meet as they extend toward the horizon and thus show linear perspective, or the appearance of distance as the lines converge

Question 14

Motion parallax

Answer 14

tracks the different ways that near objects and far objects appear to move relative to the motion of the eye

Question 15

Binocular parallax

Answer 15

• the first binocular cue
• refers to the slight displarity between the two eyes views of any object

Question 16

Steropsis

Answer 16

the process of using these binocular parallax cues to perceive depth

Question 17

Converge

Answer 17

• the second binocular cue
• it relies on eyed in order to cous on closer and closer objects
• It allows us to estimate the distance of an object by using the sensations of muscle tension in our eyes that correspond to pulling them into various angels of converence

Question 18

Plasiticy