kap 2- general operating prosedures Flashcards
What are the radio transmitting techniques?
- listen of frequency before transmitting
- depress PTT fully, and don’t release until messages is transmitted
- normal conversation tone, speak clearly and distinctly
- maintain normal rate of speech not exceeding 100 wpm.
- constant volume of speech
- avoid hesitations (“errr”)
- a slight pause before and after numbers
How long should you wait until repeating a transmission to ATC
Wait at least 10 seconds before a second call
What are some exceptions from the phonetic alphabet in radiotelephony?
When using ATS route designators (away coding), we have the following exceptions:
K = Kopter
U = Upper
S = Supersonic
Pronunciation of combined numbers
Call sign - each number individually
FL - each number individually, except of whole hundreds (e.g. FL 100)
Heading - each number individually
Wind direction/speed - each number individually for both direction and speed
Squawk - each number individually
RWY - each number individually
QNH - each number individually, except for whole thousands (1000 hPa)
Exceptions when pronouncing numbers
When providing information regarding the relative bearing to an object or to conflicting traffic in terms of the 12-hour clock (TEN O´CLOCK)
When pronouncing numbers in regards to altitude, cloud height, visibility or RVR, all numbers which contain whole hundreds and whole thousands must be transmitted by pronouncing each digit in the number of
How do you pronounce frequencies?
Each number individually (eg. 100.3 = one zero zero decimal three)
How do you transmit time in aviation?
Times used in aviation are in UTC, but only the minutes of the hour should be required. Each digit should be pronounced separately.
Pilots may check time with appropriate ATS unit (request “time check”). Time checks are given to the nearest half-minute.
How do you pronounce frequencies on HF?
When no confusion is likely to arise, only the first two digits of the HF need to be used to identify the transmitting channel.
“Let me know that you have received and understood this messages”
Acknowledge
“Yes.”
Affirm
“Permission for proposed action granted”
Approved
What does “BREAK” mean?
“I hearby indicate the separation between portions of the messages” (to be used where there is no clear distinction between the text and other proportions of the message”
What does “BREAK BREAK” mean?
“I hearby indicate the separation between messages transmitted to different aircraft in a very busy in environment”
What does “CANCEL” mean?
“Annul the previously transmitted clearance”
“Examine a system or procedure”
Check
What does “CLEARED” mean?
“Authorized to proceed under the conditions specified”
“I request verification of: (clearance, instruction)”
Confirm
What does “CONTACT” mean?
“establish communications with…”
What does “CORRECT” mean?
“True or accurate”
“An error has been made in this transmission. The correct version is…”
Correction
What does “DISREGARD” mean?
“Ignore” or consider the next message as not sent
“What is the readability of my transmission”
How do you read?
“I repeat for clarity of emphasis”
I say again
What does “MAINTAIN” mean?
“Continue in accordance with condition(s) specified”
“Listen out on frequency”
Monitor
“No” or “permission not granted” or “that is not correct” or “Not capable”
NEGATIVE
What is the difference between “OVER” and “OUT”?
OVER: “my transmission is ended and I expect a response from you”
OUT: “this exchange of transmission is ended and no response is expected”
“A change has been made to your last clearance and this new clearance supersedes your previous clearance or part thereof”
Recleared
READ BACK
“Repeat al, or the specified part, of this message back to me exactly as received”
“Pass me the following information”
Report
What does “REQUEST” mean?
“I should like to know…” or “I wish to obtain…”
What does “ROGER” mean?
“I have received all of your last transmission” (not to be used when READ BACK is required, or a direct answer like AFFIRM or NEGATIVE
“Reduce your rate of speech”
Speak slower
“Repeat all, or the following part, of your last transmission.”
Say again
What does “STAND BY” mean?
“Wait and I will call you”
“I cannot comply with your request, instruction or clearance”
Unable
What does “WILCO” mean?
“will comply” - I understand your message and will comply with it.
What does “WORDS TWICE” mean?
As request: comm is difficult, send every word or groups twice
As info: comm is diffucult, and I will send every word or groups twice
