Kap 12 Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is a Personality disorder?
An extreme deviation of the spectrum of personality traits, which violate social norms and expectations.
They usually present with social issues and are inflexible and cannot adapt well to different situations or people.
They are usually missing insight into their problems and personality.
What are the cluster A personality disorders?
Why are the clustered together?
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
Paranoid personality disorder
They are clustered together because of their closeness to Schizophrenia and shared (genetic&environmental) risk factors.
What are the cluster B personality disorders?
Narcissistic personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Histrionic personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
What are the cluster C personality disorders?
Dependent personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Avoidant personality disorder
Why is the clustering system widely used?
Because it comes from the DSM system and is used widely in research
In the context of personality disorders, what effects do Cluster A and B have on the person in comparison to Cluster C?
Cluster A and B have a bigger (negative) impact on social functioning and work
While cluster C has bigger impacts on subjective symptoms (Anxiety, Depression)
What are possible causes of Personality disorders?
Around 50% genetic (hereditary)
Abuse and Trauma have an influence.
What measure is usually used for testing for personality disorders?
The SCID-II
(Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, Axis II)
What is needed for diagnosing someone with a personality disorder?
Issues for at least 2 years
Problems with themselves or interpersonal functioning
Rigid maladaptive patterns of cognition, emotional experience, expression and behaviour
Problems in social, occupational, educational, or family functioning
These issues are not caused by other conditions such as diagnoses or drugs
What is the Prevalence of personality disorders in the general population?
10%
What is the prevalence of personality disorders in the clinical population?
50%
Which personality disorders are more common with women?
Dependent PD
Histrionic PD
Borderline PD
Which personality disorders are more common with men?
Antisocial PD
Which medications are used to treat which personality disorder?
Antipsychotics for Schizotypal PD
Mood Stabilizers for Borderline PD
Antidepressiva for depressive comorbidity
What should be taken into consideration when treating someone with a personality disorder in talk therapy?
The personality disorder has an effect on the relation between the patient and the therapist. This can lead them to end the treatment earlier.
It can become difficult for the patient to change, because they are lacking insight into their issue
One should help the patient understand how their personality contributes to their issues.
What are typical characteristics of Paranoid personality disorder?
They are paranoid. ;)
They have a suspicion against others, that they want to hurt/exploit them.
Low insight into their paranoia.
They look for hidden signs everywhere.
Schizophrenia often runs in the family.
Compared to Paranoid personality disorder, what are the differences to other conditions?
Social anxiety: Afraid of negative evaluation
Avoidant PD: Here they feel unworthy
Schizotypal PD: Social problems
What are typical characteristics of Schizoid personality disorder?
The night-janitor
Low interest in social relations or the world in general
Interest in themselves and fantasies
No care for their social standing (criticism and praise)
No enjoying of life and little emotionality.
They can have short episodes of psychosis but just very short (minutes)
What are typical characteristics of Schizotypal personality disorder?
Lonelyness and akwardness in social situations.
Strange thinking patterns (magical)
Vague and complicated speech
Which other psychological disorder is Schizotypal personality disorder connected with?
Schizophrenia!
With schizophrenia in the family the risk is increased.
People with Schizotypal PD have a 30% chance of developing Schizophrenia.
Schizotypal personality disorder can be treated with antipsychotics
What is different with Schizotypal disorder in the ICD-11 compared to other personality disorders?
It is sorted under the Psychotic disorders and not under personality disorders
What is the difference between Schizoid personality disorder and other diagnoses?
Autism:
Autistic people are more rigid in their interests and behaviour.
They do not understand emotions as well. Schizoid people do understand them but do not express them.
Avoidant PD:
They have a desire for being with people but think that they are flawed
Paranoid/Schizotypal PD:
Their psychosis is usually much longer.
What are typical characteristics of Borderline personality disorder?
A feeling of emptiness
Unstable emotions, relationships and self image
Fear of abandonment
