Kantian ethics and Natural Law Flashcards
Kant
Moving away from religious reason, instead focusing on our own rationale.
Art and beauty are a natural extension of philosophy
Through art we can see life (Wildean philosophy)
Deontological argument- focusing on the outcome and consequences of an action.
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Duty
What one ought to do- telling the truth, obeying…
The command to do one’s duty is invariable- not absolute
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Hegel’s Criticism
Hegel:
Kant’s approach provides no specific information about how people should act because his moral law is solely a principle of non-contradiction.
People act out of self-interest and therefore not in accordance with any universalized law
Hegel argues against duty- humans can’t suppress desires
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Criticisms
Schopenhauer:
Ethics should be based on conclusions which work in the real world- not off of an ‘ought’ or ‘if’
Virtue cannot be taught- unrealistic expectations
Nietzsche:
Rejects Kant’s fundamental components, you can determine decisions though reason
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Categorical imperative
“one should act in a way to treat fellow beings in themselves and not as a meas of achieving an end”
Never take advantages of someone to only better yourself
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Categorical Imperative- criticism
No universal law- what is relevant for one won’t be for another.
Our own rational can alter interpretation
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Third categorical imperative
“Act as of though hos universalized maxim he were always a legislating member of the universal kingdom of ends”
One must act as if their actions make laws for everybody else if they were to act in the same way
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Hypothetical imperative
A rule of conduct that is understood to apply to an individual, only of they desire a certain end and has chose to act upon it.
“If… then” to do something one must make a conscience decision to do good
“the moral has an absolute and exeptionaless character”
Reason insist good will, duty=absolute
