KANDPAL Q's [Intro: Signal Transduction] & [GPCR, Enzyme Linked Receptors, and Human Cancers] Flashcards
signal transduction
communication bw environment and cell/between 2 cells
T/F signal output depends on extracellular signal molecules, and molecules that respond to signals
TRUE
4 types of signal transduction
- contact-dependnent (development/immune response)
- paracrine (neighboring cells)
- synaptic (specific target)
- endocrine (whole organism)
autocrine signaling:
signals secreted by the cell bind to self to reinforce _____, particularly during _____.
developmental decisions; differentiation
the _____ of the receptors by signal molecules determines the behavior of the cells.
differential occupancy
effect of acetylcholine on a heart muscle cell
decreased rate and force of contraction
effect of acetylcholine on a skeletal muscle cell
contraction
effect of acetylcholine on a salivary gland cell
secretion
acetylcholine receptor on cardiac muscle
G-protein coupled receptor
acetylcholine receptor on skeletal muscle
ligand gated Na+ channel
acetylcholine receptor on salivary gland
G-protein coupled receptor
what is different bw the acetylcholine receptors on the cardiac muscle and on the salivary gland?
intracellular signaling proteins
T/F most signal molecules are hydrophilic
TRUE
what is the physiological consequence of acetylcholine?
smooth muscle relaxation
acetyl choline effects are mediated indirectly by _____ of NO synthase and formation of _____
activation; nitric oxide (NO)
eNOS
NOS in endothelial cells
nNOS
NOS in nerve cells
_____ make iNOS
macrophages
are iNOS inducible?
yes
when are iNOS made?
only in response to infection
phosphodiesterase (PDE)
converts cyclic nucleotide into nucleotide monophosphate
where is PDE3 expressed?
in cardiac cells
where is PDE5 expressed?
in expandable erectile tissue
where is PDE6 expressed?
in retina