Kallis & Butler 🍽🌞

Question 1

What approach does Kallis & Butler (2001) call WFd?

Answer 1

Integrated ecosystem based approach

Question 2

At does Kallis & Butler (2001) comment about the future of WFD ad?

Answer 2

the directive will:
🌟transform water institutions and planning processes

🌟generate information and ensure no further deterioration of waters.

🌟The directive, affecting 27 countries, marks an important trend towards an ecosystem-based approach for water policy and water resource management. #

2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Question 3

In what ways has WFD reformed water policy ?

Answer 3

🌟the institutionalisation of ecosystem-based objectives as overriding criteria in water policy and decision-making.
Water resources management decisions in the future will be pressed to shift from the traditional, infrastructure/ supply-oriented modes of planning;

🌟the ‘‘combined approach’’, where the more stringent of both emission controls and recipient quality standards apply for water pollution, marks the prioritisation of environmental over economic efficiency criteria;

🌟There is a policy trend towards ‘‘user-pays’’ regimes of full water cost recovery but political resistance to the concept is still considerable.