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PTA 103 Techniques > Kahoot Exam 4 Review > Flashcards

Kahoot Exam 4 Review Flashcards

1
Q

a PTA should move the head of the transducer at a speed of ___ cm/sec

A

2-8

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2
Q

what should you do to avoid hot spots?

A

move transducer

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3
Q

all of the following are benefits of US > other heating agents except? x2

A

heat remain more superficial than other agents

less risk of burn

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4
Q

pt is suffering from chronic hamstring pain 6 weeks ago. Which parameter is best

A

100%, 1 mHz, 1.5-2 w/cm

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5
Q

what is the duty cycle for continuous mode?

A

100%

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6
Q

what duty cycle for pulsed US

A

<100%

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7
Q

how quickly should pts begin to experience a comfortable heat with thermal US

A

2-3 minutes

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8
Q

a PTA is using thermal US, which tissue type do they need to be least worried about the heating effect?

A

muscle - d/t decrease collagen content

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9
Q

pt presents lateral ankle sprain which is the best frequency

A

3 mHz - more superficial

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10
Q

which tissue absorbs US the most

A

bone
- most collagen content, absorbs heat most

  • blood @ the very bottom
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11
Q

spatial peak intensity is highest in which location

A

ERA not the transducer

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12
Q

which parameter affects tissue heating rate?

A

intensity - turning up
NOT frequency, thats depth

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13
Q

when using US, the PTA understands that the soundwaves will also reach other local areas d/t

A

refraction

reflection = bounce off (when off skin)

attenuation = sound decreases the farther it travels

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14
Q

T/F: higher frequency penetrates deeper

A

false

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15
Q

which location is LEAST likely to benefit from the use of US

A

quads - bigger muscles

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16
Q

max allowed intensity to US?

A

3 w/cm2

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17
Q

what are the clinical indications for non-thermal US x3

A

accelerate tissue healing
modify inflammation
& facilitate transdermal drug penetration (phonophoresis)

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18
Q

what are the clinical indications for thermal US x2

A

before stretching of shortened soft tissue
& to reduce pain

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19
Q

what does BNR stand for

A

beam nonuniformity ratio - non uniform across the ERA (different levels of intensity) that’s why we keep it moving

  • the higher the BNR, less amount of uniformity
  • 5;1 ratio
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20
Q

which mode is used for non-thermal effects

A

pulsed

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21
Q

precautions for US x4 - “apples bring extra fun”

A

acute inflammation
breast implants
epiphyseal plates
fractures

22
Q

Contraindications for US x9 - “children enjoy jumping making pancakes, practicing playing reading tricks”

A

CNS tissue
eyes
joint cement
malignancy
pacemakers
pregnancy
plastic components
reproductive organs
thrombophlebitis

23
Q

what are the 2 techniques of hydrotherapy?

A

immersion & non-immersion

24
Q

what’s the goal of biofeedback application?

A

facilitate self-regulation

25
Q

contraindications for immersion hydrotherapy x8

A

cardiac instability
confusion/impairments
maceration around wound
bleeding
infection in the area to be immersed
bowel incontinences
severe epilepsy
suicidal patients

26
Q

T/F: EMG feedback is a direct measure of contractility?

A

false, only electrical activity in muscle tissues

27
Q

T/F: water can transfer heat & therefore be used as a superficial heating/cooling agent?

A

true, cold helps dissipate heat generated through exertion.

28
Q

precautions for non-immersion hydrotherapy x3

A

maceration
recent skin grafts
may not be effective

29
Q

what are the 3 physical properties of water used in hydrotherapy?

A

solvent
resistance
hydrostatic pressure

30
Q

immersion of a pt w renal disease has been shown to help with?

A

increased urine production & renal blood flow; HTN, hypervolemia & peripheral edema

31
Q

which is NOT an effect on the respiratory system in hydrotherapy

A

increased residual volume

it decreases it

32
Q

T/F: aquatic therapy can be a good option for individuals who have poor tolerance for land-based exercises

A

true

33
Q

for a muscle at rest, the typical EMG amplitude is?

A

1-2 microvolts

  • 20-30 for normal muscle activation
34
Q

T/F: EMG biofeedback measures electrical activity occurring in muscle tissue

A

true

35
Q

the physical property of water that can dissolve many chemical compounds is known as

A

solvent

36
Q

healthy muscle contraction typically results in an EMG amplitude of?

A

20-30 microvolts

37
Q

which physical property of water helps reduce peripheral edema

A

hydrostatic pressure

38
Q

what is the main goal of immersion (late use) hydrotherapy in pts with burns

A

increase AROM/PROM to prevent contractures

  • in early use, non-immersion is best to cleanse, soften & loosen necrotic tissue
39
Q

T/F: pulsed lavage is an example of immersion hydrotherapy for wound care

A

false

40
Q

what is a physiological effect of hydrostatic pressure in hydrotherapy

A

increase venous return & cardiac output.

  • in contrast with hydrostatic pressure.
41
Q

what temp of water would you select to increase relaxation in a patient with anxiety?

A

warm

42
Q

higher gain settings on an EMG biofeedback indicates:

A

higher sensitivity

43
Q

which type of hydrotherapy for wound care is no longer favored d/t concerns for infection

A

immersion

44
Q

what is contraction latency in EMG biofeedback?

A

the time it takes to reach peak amplitude following command to contract

45
Q

what is Peak amplitude?

A

highest EMG activity during mm contraction

46
Q

the physiological effect of water that can dissolve/soften materials & remove debris that is lodged in wounds is called?

A

cleansing

47
Q

what are the clinical indications for EMG biofeedback

A

inhibit/facilitate muscle activity - reduce spasticity or improve strength
relieve chronic pain
improve coordination - NM re-ed for discoordination

48
Q

the buoyancy of water helps to ___ weight-bearing antatomical structures

A

unload

  • water exercises decreases stress in joints, fascia, etc BEST for OA pts
49
Q

what are the contraindications for EMG biofeedback? x3

A

acute inflammation conditions
bladder/vaginal infection
pregnancy

50
Q

T/F: force experienced as an upward thrust on the body is known as hydrostatic pressure

A

false
- its buoyancy

51
Q

what is the role of gain in EMG biofeedback?

A

determines the sensitivity of the device

PTA 103 Techniques (13 decks)

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