Kahoot Exam 4 Review Flashcards by shawna shinody

a PTA should move the head of the transducer at a speed of ___ cm/sec

2-8

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what should you do to avoid hot spots?

move transducer

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all of the following are benefits of US > other heating agents except? x2

heat remain more superficial than other agents

less risk of burn

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pt is suffering from chronic hamstring pain 6 weeks ago. Which parameter is best

100%, 1 mHz, 1.5-2 w/cm

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what is the duty cycle for continuous mode?

100%

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what duty cycle for pulsed US

<100%

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how quickly should pts begin to experience a comfortable heat with thermal US

2-3 minutes

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a PTA is using thermal US, which tissue type do they need to be least worried about the heating effect?

muscle - d/t decrease collagen content

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pt presents lateral ankle sprain which is the best frequency

3 mHz - more superficial

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which tissue absorbs US the most

bone
- most collagen content, absorbs heat most

blood @ the very bottom

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spatial peak intensity is highest in which location

ERA not the transducer

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which parameter affects tissue heating rate?

intensity - turning up
NOT frequency, thats depth

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when using US, the PTA understands that the soundwaves will also reach other local areas d/t

refraction

reflection = bounce off (when off skin)

attenuation = sound decreases the farther it travels

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T/F: higher frequency penetrates deeper

false

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which location is LEAST likely to benefit from the use of US

quads - bigger muscles

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max allowed intensity to US?

3 w/cm2

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what are the clinical indications for non-thermal US x3

accelerate tissue healing
modify inflammation
& facilitate transdermal drug penetration (phonophoresis)

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what are the clinical indications for thermal US x2

before stretching of shortened soft tissue
& to reduce pain

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what does BNR stand for

beam nonuniformity ratio - non uniform across the ERA (different levels of intensity) that’s why we keep it moving

the higher the BNR, less amount of uniformity
5;1 ratio

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which mode is used for non-thermal effects

pulsed

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precautions for US x4 - “apples bring extra fun”

acute inflammation
breast implants
epiphyseal plates
fractures

Contraindications for US x9 - “children enjoy jumping making pancakes, practicing playing reading tricks”

CNS tissue
eyes
joint cement
malignancy
pacemakers
pregnancy
plastic components
reproductive organs
thrombophlebitis

what are the 2 techniques of hydrotherapy?

immersion & non-immersion

what’s the goal of biofeedback application?

facilitate self-regulation

contraindications for immersion hydrotherapy x8

cardiac instability confusion/impairments maceration around wound bleeding infection in the area to be immersed bowel incontinences severe epilepsy suicidal patients

T/F: EMG feedback is a direct measure of contractility?

false, only electrical activity in muscle tissues

T/F: water can transfer heat & therefore be used as a superficial heating/cooling agent?

true, cold helps dissipate heat generated through exertion.

precautions for non-immersion hydrotherapy x3

maceration recent skin grafts may not be effective

what are the 3 physical properties of water used in hydrotherapy?

solvent resistance hydrostatic pressure

immersion of a pt w renal disease has been shown to help with?

increased urine production & renal blood flow; HTN, hypervolemia & peripheral edema

which is NOT an effect on the respiratory system in hydrotherapy

increased residual volume it decreases it

T/F: aquatic therapy can be a good option for individuals who have poor tolerance for land-based exercises

true

for a muscle at rest, the typical EMG amplitude is?

1-2 microvolts - 20-30 for normal muscle activation

T/F: EMG biofeedback measures electrical activity occurring in muscle tissue

true

the physical property of water that can dissolve many chemical compounds is known as

solvent

healthy muscle contraction typically results in an EMG amplitude of?

20-30 microvolts

which physical property of water helps reduce peripheral edema

hydrostatic pressure

what is the main goal of immersion (late use) hydrotherapy in pts with burns

increase AROM/PROM to prevent contractures - in early use, non-immersion is best to cleanse, soften & loosen necrotic tissue

T/F: pulsed lavage is an example of immersion hydrotherapy for wound care

false

what is a physiological effect of hydrostatic pressure in hydrotherapy

increase venous return & cardiac output. - in contrast with hydrostatic pressure.

what temp of water would you select to increase relaxation in a patient with anxiety?

warm

higher gain settings on an EMG biofeedback indicates:

higher sensitivity

which type of hydrotherapy for wound care is no longer favored d/t concerns for infection

immersion

what is contraction latency in EMG biofeedback?

the time it takes to reach peak amplitude following command to contract

what is Peak amplitude?

highest EMG activity during mm contraction

the physiological effect of water that can dissolve/soften materials & remove debris that is lodged in wounds is called?

cleansing

what are the clinical indications for EMG biofeedback

inhibit/facilitate muscle activity - reduce spasticity or improve strength relieve chronic pain improve coordination - NM re-ed for discoordination

the buoyancy of water helps to ___ weight-bearing antatomical structures

unload - water exercises decreases stress in joints, fascia, etc BEST for OA pts

what are the contraindications for EMG biofeedback? x3

acute inflammation conditions bladder/vaginal infection pregnancy

T/F: force experienced as an upward thrust on the body is known as hydrostatic pressure

false - its buoyancy

what is the role of gain in EMG biofeedback?

determines the sensitivity of the device