Exam 4 Study Guide

Question 1

decrease in US intensity as sound travels through tissue is called what?

Answer 1

attenuation

• increases with collagen content & frequency of US

Question 2

conversion of mechanical energy to heat?

Answer 2

absorption

• depth = 2-5cm of soft tissue

Question 3

tissues with most to least absorption x8

Answer 3

bone
cartilage
tendon
muscle
nerves
fat
blood

Question 4

continuous US tissue temperature

Answer 4

thermal, but can also have nonthermal effects

Question 5

when to use thermal US

Answer 5

chronic injury
pain
soft tissue shortening

Question 6

signs/symptoms of burning

Answer 6

deep ache
sharp sensation

Question 7

how to reduce risk of burns? x3

Answer 7

move US head
don’t apply over areas of impaired sensation/circulation
& reduce intensity in areas with superficial bone or if pts complains of discomfort

Question 8

reflection is?

Answer 8

redirection of beam away from surface

• air 100% reflection
• skin low reflection

Question 9

when to use non-thermal US x3

Answer 9

acute injury
tissue healing
inflammation

Question 10

formation/growth of gas filled bubbles caused by US

Answer 10

cavitation

• compression phase -> smaller, rarefication phase -> expand

Question 11

microscale eddying that occurs near any small, vibrating object is called?

Answer 11

microstreaming

Question 12

what is acoustic streaming?

Answer 12

steady, circular flow of cellular fluids induced by US

Question 13

adverse effects of US x2

Answer 13

burns
cross contamination

Question 14

pressure exerted by a fluid on a body immersed in it. this promotes increased circulation & elevated edema

Answer 14

hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

immersion hydrotherapy is when?

Answer 15

person or tx is underwater

Question 16

non-immersion hydrotherapy is when?

Answer 16

tx area is briefly treated underwater

Question 17

NPWT aids with what? x3

Answer 17

healing by maintaining a moist environment
decreases edema
& promotes formation of granulation tissue
- suction/aspiration
- fluid instillation

Question 18

is NPWT a form of hydrotherapy?

Answer 18

NO!!!!

Question 19

This type of physical property of water dissolves chemical compounds

Answer 19

solvent, running water over open tx area

Question 20

resistance is ?

Answer 20

viscosity producing pressure & provides resistance

• ex: strength & conditioning exercises

Question 21

what is the physiological effect of respiratory?

Answer 21

decreases VC & increases work of breathing

Question 22

what is the physiological effect of musculoskeletal?

Answer 22

osteoarthritis

Question 23

cold water helps best with which patients?

Answer 23

lethargic or fatigued patients

• used as an energizer of invigorating form

Question 24

immersion precautions x7

Answer 24

impaired thermal sensation
alcohol ingestion by the patient
limited strength, endurance, balance or ROM
medication
urinary incontinence
fear of water
respiratory problems

Question 25

NPWT contraindications x6

Answer 25

necrotic tissue with eschar present
untreated osteomyelitis
malignancy in wound bed
untreated malnutrition
exposed vessels, nerves, organs or anastomotic sites
non-enteric & unexplored fistulas

Question 26

NPWT precautions x2

Answer 26

increase risk of bleeding
confusion/disorientation

Question 27

adverse reactions to hydrotherapy x5

Answer 27

hyponatremia
infection
drowning
burns, fainting, & bleeding
asthma exacerbation

Question 28

EMG unit of measurement ?

Answer 28

microvolts (uV)

Question 29

how does EMG help pts?

Answer 29

helps assist pts with learning to create therapeutic effects

Question 30

direct biofeedback IS?

Answer 30

accurate external info

-ex: heart rate monitor

Question 31

transformed biofeedback is?

Answer 31

external processed info representative on internal biological processes

-ex: EMG

Question 32

return latency

Answer 32

time from command to stop mm contraction to the point when myoelectrical activity returns to baseline levels (typically 1 sec)

Question 33

hold capacity

Answer 33

sustained mm contraction as demonstrated by consistent EMG amplitude

Question 34

intercontraction baseline

Answer 34

level of myoelectrical activity measured bt. mm contraction & when mm is @ rest

Question 35

threshold

Answer 35

goal of level myoelectrical activity set by therapist

above = user increases mm activity
below = user reduces mm activity

Question 36

adverse reactions to EMG x7

Answer 36

skin irritation from electrodes
&
fatigue
dyspnea
angina
pain
DOMS
other cardiac related symptoms