Kahoot - Assessment Exam 4 Flashcards
Surgery is indicated for aortic aneurysms that exceed:
5.5 cm
>10 mm per year
Anterior spinal artery syndrome is characterized by:
Loss of motor function
Autonomic dysfunction
Hypotension
The most common causes of anterior spinal artery syndrome include:
Aortic aneurysms
Aortic dissections
Atherosclerosis
Ascending aortic aneurysms include what classifications?
Stanford A
Debakey 1 & 2
Most common deficit associated with aortic arch replacement requiring cardiopulmonary bypass?
Neurologic
Which population is aortic dissection most common?
Males
3rd trimester pregnancy
Most abdominal aortic aneurysms rupture into the:
Left retroperitoneum
Primary causes of mortality r/t surgeries of thoracic aorta include:
CVA
MI
Most commonly, cardiogenic embolisms originate from?
Left atrial thrombus
Left ventricle thrombus
Subclavian steal syndrome leads to:
Retrograde blood flow in ipsilateral SCA
Superficial thrombophlebitis and DVT are most seen with almost half of pts undergoing which specific surgery?
Total hip replacements
Which is true regarding LMWH vs unfractionated heparin?
Longer half life
Not reversible
Pts with a history of TIA have a ___ times greater risk of CVA
10
Cerebral O2 consumption/metabolic rate is most affected by what 2 things?
Temperature
Depth of anesthesia
What is the lifespan of non-activated platelets?
8-12 days
The platelet activation occurs when:
Upon interaction with collagen and tissue factor
Which element is an essential part of coagulation tenase-complexes?
Calcium
Prothrombinase complex is combined of which factors?
Factor Xa
Factor Va
Which factor(s) activates factor IX?
TF/VIIa complex
XIa
Phase II homeostasis is primarily initiated by?
Extrinsic pathway
Which system mainly amplifies thrombin generation?
Intrinsic pathway
Prothrombinase complex converts:
Prothrombin to thrombin
Factor II to IIa
Coagulation counter-mechanisms include:
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor
Serine protease inhibitors
Supplements that cause blood-thinning include:
Tumeric
Vitamin E
Protein C
Endovascular tPA & urokinase
vWF prevents degradation of which factor?
VIII
Which lab value may be abnormal in hemophilia?
PTT
Which clotting factor is not produced in the liver?
VIII
X
IX
II
VIII
Which anticoagulant factors are produced in the liver?
Protein C
Protein S
Antithrombin
Anemia of CKD is due to:
EPO deficiency
Plt dysfunction
Lab findings associated with DIC include:
Increased fibrin
Prolonged PT/PTT
Thrombocytopenia
Increased fibrin degradation
What is the innermost layer of the GI tract?
mucosa
Which is the best test to detect gastroparesis?
gastric emptying study
Which type of achalasia is associated with the worst outcomes?
Type 3
What is the most effective nonsurgical treatment for achalasia?
pneumatic dilation
Normal LES pressure
29 mmHg
The descending colon and distal GI tract are innervated by the:
hypogastric plexus
Which of the following describes an independent nervous system, which controls motility, secretion, and blood flow?
enteric nervous system
Which feature of the myenteric plexus controls motility?
enteric neurons, interstitial cells of Cajal, and smooth muscle cells
Which of the following presents a major anesthesia challenge in colonoscopy?
dehydration
Which hormones play a role in gastric motility?
gastrin, motilin, and gastric inhibitory peptide
Common causes of gastric ulcers include:
H. pylori, nsaids, and ethanol
Which of the following are beneficial preop interventions for zollinger ellison syndrome?
correct electrolytes, PPI admin, RSI, and suction at head of bed
Symptoms associated with chrons disease include:
steatorrhea, malabsorption and ileocolitis
IBD treatment include:
5 acetylsalicylic acid, rifaximin , and steroids
Which drug should be given prior to resection of a carcinoid tumor?
octreotide
There are six anterior pituitary hormones:
GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin
The two posterior pituitary hormones are
ADH and oxytocin
T/F
DI is characterized by excessive urine production
True
SIADH is inappropriate release of ADH seen with:
cancer of the lung, porphyria, hypothyroidism, intracranial tumors
Treatment of SIADH includes:
fluid restriction, hypertonic saline, vasopressin, demeclocycline
Anesthesia considerations associated with acromegaly include:
Vocal cord hypertrophy, soft tissue overgrowth, skeletal muscle weakness
The types of DM include:
type 1a (autoimmune), type 1b (absent insulin production), type II (beta cells insufficient / insulin resistance)
DM can result in which type of coma:
Hypoglycemic → BG less than 50 mg/dL in adult
DKA → ketoacids and metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma→ type 2, serum osmolarity > 320
T/F
DKA is more common in type 2 DM
False
Treatment of DKA includes:
Insulin 0.1 unit/kg/hr, aggressive isotonic resuscitation, correct electrolyte derangements
The syndrome of whipple’s triad strongly associated with insulinoma include:
BG < 50 mg/dL, relief of symptoms with glucose, symptoms of hypoglycemia provoked by fasting
S/S of cushings disease or hypercortisolism include:
hypertension, weight gain, hyperglycemia
Addison’s disease aka adrenal insufficiency has two types:
primary and secondary
Management goals for patients undergoing adrenalectomy include:
regulate hypertension and control hyperglycemia
Plasma levels associated with pheochromocytoma include:
elevated metanephrine and elevated norepinephrine
