KA8

Question 1

What are the 2 hormones involved in everyday regulation of blood glucose levels

Answer 1

Insulin and glucagon

Question 2

What is release when glucose levels the blood increases

Answer 2

Insulin

Question 3

What is released when glucose levels in the blood decrease

Answer 3

Glucagon

Question 4

What are the 2 hormones released by and how do they travel to the liver?

Answer 4

Release by pancreas’s and travel in the blood to the liver

This is where they have an effect to regulate glucose levels in blood

Question 5

What is chronic elevations of blood glucose levels

Answer 5

(High consistent levels)

Question 6

What do chronic elevation of blood glucose levels lead to

Answer 6

The endothelium cells taking in more glucose than normal, damaging blood vessels

Question 7

Atherosclerosis may develop leading to what 4 diseases

Answer 7

CVD
STROKE
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE (PVD)

Question 8

Small blood vessels damaged by elevated glucose levels may result in

3 stuff

Answer 8

•Haemorrhage of blood vessels in the retina

•renal failure

•peripheral nerve dysfunction

Question 9

What does the pancreas monitor

Answer 9

Concentration of glucose in the blood

Question 10

Receptor cells in the pancreas’s do what

Answer 10

Detect changes in blood glucose concentrations

Question 11

When blood glucose increases above normal level

Steps

Answer 11

•Pancreatic receptors respond to raises signals by increasing secretion insoluble in pancreas’s

•insulin travels on the blood to the liver This is

•Insulin activations conversion glucose to glucagon in liver

•blood glucose concentration decreases.

Question 12

Decrease of glucose

Steps opposite

Answer 12

•Pancreatic receptors respond to lowered blood sugar levels by increasing secretion oh glucagon from the pancreas’s

•Glucagon travels from the blood to the liver

•Glucagon activates conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

•Blood glucose concentration increases

Question 13

What secrets adrenaline and into what

Answer 13

The adrenal glands and into the blood stream

Question 14

When is adrenaline secreted
When what is needed

Answer 14

During exercise or flight or fight situations when glucose is need to provide energy quickly

Question 15

What are diabetes

Answer 15

A condition where suffers can’t control their blood glucose levels

Question 16

Ability of pancreatic cells to produce insulin

Answer 16

•unable to produce insulin (T1)
•able but cells less sensitive (T2)

Question 17

Sensitivity of cells to insulin T1

Answer 17

(T1) have normal no of insulin receptors on their surface

They respond to the presence of insulin.

Question 18

Sensitivity of cells to insulin T2

Answer 18

•Cells are less sensitive due to less insulin receptors (or even resistant)

•a decrease in receptors in the liver leads to a failure to convert glucose to glycogen

Question 19

Treatment TY1

Answer 19

•regular injections of insulin
•careful diet

Question 20

Treatment

Answer 20

•Exercise
•Weight loss
•diet control

Question 21

Testing for urine does what

Answer 21

After a meal blood glucose concentrations will rise rapidly.

The kidneys will remove some of this glucose, resulting it appearing in pee

Question 22

What is testing urine used for

Answer 22

Indicator for Diabetes

Question 23

Obesity can harm health and is a big risk for?

Answer 23

Heart disease and diabetes T2

Question 24

How is obesity characterised?

Answer 24

Obesity is when there is too much body fat compared to lean tissue snd muscles

Question 25

What is a disadvantage of BMI

Answer 25

•Doesn’t consider muscle mass
•muscular people can be classified as obese wrongly