KA 7 Pathology Of CVD Flashcards
Atherosclerosis
•accumulation of FATTY MATERIAL
•forms beneath the endothelium
What’s its effects as the plaque grows? Effect on blood vessel
•Artery thickens & loses elasticity
•The diameter of the lumen becomes reduced
•blood flow becomes restricted leading to increased blood pressure
Atherosclerosis causes what?
(Disease)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE:
•ANGINA
•Heart attack
•stroke
•peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Thrombosis is the rapture of?
What does it release (Cascade)
•An atheroma and it can damage the endothelium
•clotting factors that activate and cascade of reactions
Stages of thrombosis
(After rupture)
•the conversion of the enzyme prothrombin to its active form thrombin
•thrombin causes molecules of plasma protein “fibrinogen” to form threads of fibrin
•the fibrin threads form a mesh work that clots the blood
•the clot seals the wound and provides a scaffold for the formation of scar tissue
Embolus
How does it travel
•In some cases the thrombus will break loose and form and embolus
•this travels through the bloodstream until it blocks a vessel
Thrombus in artery
Can chase a heart attack
But what is it’s scientific name and what else can happen
•this may lead to myocardial infarction (MI)
Commonly known as a heart attack.
•a thrombus that causes a blockage to the brain may cause a stroke
In both cases the cells are deprived of oxygen leading to to death of tissues
•Causes and effects of PVD, what is it?
(Legs)
•PVD is the narrowing of the arteries due to atherosclerosis
Mogged
What is restricted and what is felt
•Blood flow to the legs is restricted and pain is felt due to limited supply of O2
The 2 types of PVD
Deep vein thrombosis
Plumonary embolism in the lungs
Roles of HDL
And what does it prevent
•HDL transport cholesterol from the body cells to the liver for elimination.
•This prevents accumulation of cholesterol in the blood
LDL
Transports cholesterol to body cells
Most cells have LDL receptors that take LDL into the cell, where it releases cholesterol.
What happens if there is a higher ratio of HDL TO LDL
Results in lower blood cholesterol and a reduced chance of atherosclerosis
Methods to prevent cholesterol in body
•Regular physical activities
•prescription medicines
•reduce levels of total fat and replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats
Deep vein thrombosis
formation of a thrombus (blood clot) in a deep vein (most common in the leg)
