KA6- Transport Systems In Animals

Question 1

What does blood consist of

Answer 1

Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells

Question 2

Red blood cells

Answer 2

Specialised to transport oxygen around the body
Travel through the heart twice during complete circulation

Question 3

Why are red blood cells specialised to transport oxygen around the body

Answer 3

Contain Haemoglobin -transports oxygen
Don’t have a nucleus -more space for Haemoglobin
Have a biconcave disc shape -maximises surface area for cell membrane
Tiny+flexible -can squeeze through narrowest of blood capillaries to deliver oxygen

Question 4

Oxygenated blood

Answer 4

When there is a high conc of oxygen
Haemoglobin + oxygen —> oxyhaemoglobin
Makes blood a bright red colour
Oxygenated blood is pumped to body tissues by the left side of the heart

Question 5

Deoxygenated blood

Answer 5

When there is a low conc of oxygen
Oxyhaemglobin —> Haemoglobin + oxygen
Makes blood a dark red colour
Deoxygenated blood pumped to lungs by the right side
Oxygen is released from the haemoglobin

Question 6

White blood cells

Answer 6

Part of teh immune system
Destroy pathogens -bacteria, viruses, fungi etc
Types: phagocytes, lymphocytes

Question 7

Phagocytes

Answer 7

Carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens and breaking them down

Question 8

Lymphocytes

Answer 8

Produce antibodies which destroy pathogens
Antibodies are specific to particular pathogens

Question 9

Heart

Answer 9

Muscular organ that pumps blood around the body

Question 10

Pathway of blood

Answer 10

Pumped away from heart in arteries and returned to heart in veins

Question 11

Four chambers connected to the major blood vessels in the heart

Answer 11

Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta

Question 12

Vena cava

Answer 12

Body to right atrium
One of the two veins that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body systems
Caries blood into the heart

Question 13

Pulmonary artery

Answer 13

Right ventricle to lungs
Artery which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Carries blood away from the heart

Question 14

Pulmonary vein

Answer 14

Lungs to the left atrium
One of the four veins that carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs
Carry blood into the heart

Question 15

Aorta

Answer 15

Left ventricle to body
Main artery which carries oxygenated blood from the heart in the body
Carries blood away from the heart

Question 16

Ventricle

Answer 16

The lower chamber in the heart that receives blood from the atrium and pumps it into arteries

Question 17

Flow of blood on right side

Answer 17

Deoxygenated blood from the body flows through vena cava into the right atrium and down into the right ventricle where it is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

Question 18

Flow of blood on left side

Answer 18

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart from the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and down into the left ventricle and is pushed up and out of the aorta to the body

Question 19

Valves

Answer 19

Prevents the back flow of blood
Present in the heart and veins

Question 20

Coronary arteries

Answer 20

Supply the heart with food and oxygen so they can make ATP

Question 21

Types of blood vessels in the body

Answer 21

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 22

Arteries

Answer 22

Take blood away from the heart to organs and other body tissues
Allows them to carry blood that is at a high pressure

Question 23

What allows arteries to carry blood that is at a high pressure

Answer 23

Thick muscular wall
Narrow internal diameter

Question 24

Capillaries

Answer 24

Vessels that form a network to take blood through the organs and the other body tissues
Tiny and thin walled
Large surface area which allows materials to be exchanged between blood cells and the blood rapidly
Connect arteries to veins

Question 25

Veins

Answer 25

Carry blood under low pressure from capillaries and return blood to heart
Contain valves
Thinner muscular walls and wider internal diameter than arteries