KA6- Transport Systems In Animals Flashcards
What does blood consist of
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Specialised to transport oxygen around the body
Travel through the heart twice during complete circulation
Why are red blood cells specialised to transport oxygen around the body
Contain Haemoglobin -transports oxygen
Don’t have a nucleus -more space for Haemoglobin
Have a biconcave disc shape -maximises surface area for cell membrane
Tiny+flexible -can squeeze through narrowest of blood capillaries to deliver oxygen
Oxygenated blood
When there is a high conc of oxygen
Haemoglobin + oxygen —> oxyhaemoglobin
Makes blood a bright red colour
Oxygenated blood is pumped to body tissues by the left side of the heart
Deoxygenated blood
When there is a low conc of oxygen
Oxyhaemglobin —> Haemoglobin + oxygen
Makes blood a dark red colour
Deoxygenated blood pumped to lungs by the right side
Oxygen is released from the haemoglobin
White blood cells
Part of teh immune system
Destroy pathogens -bacteria, viruses, fungi etc
Types: phagocytes, lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Carry out phagocytosis by engulfing pathogens and breaking them down
Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies which destroy pathogens
Antibodies are specific to particular pathogens
Heart
Muscular organ that pumps blood around the body
Pathway of blood
Pumped away from heart in arteries and returned to heart in veins
Four chambers connected to the major blood vessels in the heart
Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta
Vena cava
Body to right atrium
One of the two veins that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body systems
Caries blood into the heart
Pulmonary artery
Right ventricle to lungs
Artery which carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Carries blood away from the heart
Pulmonary vein
Lungs to the left atrium
One of the four veins that carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs
Carry blood into the heart
Aorta
Left ventricle to body
Main artery which carries oxygenated blood from the heart in the body
Carries blood away from the heart
Ventricle
The lower chamber in the heart that receives blood from the atrium and pumps it into arteries
Flow of blood on right side
Deoxygenated blood from the body flows through vena cava into the right atrium and down into the right ventricle where it is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs
Flow of blood on left side
Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the heart from the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and down into the left ventricle and is pushed up and out of the aorta to the body
Valves
Prevents the back flow of blood
Present in the heart and veins
Coronary arteries
Supply the heart with food and oxygen so they can make ATP
Types of blood vessels in the body
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
Take blood away from the heart to organs and other body tissues
Allows them to carry blood that is at a high pressure
What allows arteries to carry blood that is at a high pressure
Thick muscular wall
Narrow internal diameter
Capillaries
Vessels that form a network to take blood through the organs and the other body tissues
Tiny and thin walled
Large surface area which allows materials to be exchanged between blood cells and the blood rapidly
Connect arteries to veins
Veins
Carry blood under low pressure from capillaries and return blood to heart
Contain valves
Thinner muscular walls and wider internal diameter than arteries
