KA5- Transport Systems In Plants

Question 1

What is needed for more efficient diffusion/exchange of materials between an organism and its external environment?

Answer 1

Organisms must have a large surface area to volume ratio

Question 2

What are the features of a leaf

Answer 2

Large surface area to maximise light absorption
Thin short distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse into leaf cells
Thin waxy cuticles and thin transparent epidermis protects the leaves without blocking out light for palisade mesophyll cells

Question 3

What are the main organs of a leaf

Answer 3

Roots
Stems
Leaves

Question 4

What do plants require water for

Answer 4

Photosynthesis
Transporting minerals

Question 5

What are the cells in a leaf

Answer 5

Upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Veins
Lower epidermis
Stomata
Guard cells

Question 6

Upper epidermis

Answer 6

Protective layer
Transparent

Question 7

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 7

Carry out photosynthesis

Question 8

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 8

Large surface area between them allowing gas exchange between stomata and photosynthesis cells

Question 9

Veins

Answer 9

Contain xylem and phloem

Question 10

lower epidermis

Answer 10

Contains stomata
Protective layer

Question 11

Stomata

Answer 11

Pores on lower epidermis surrounded by guard cells to regulate the rate of transpiration

Question 12

Guard cells

Answer 12

Pairs of cells that change shape to open and close the stomata

Question 13

Root hair cells

Answer 13

Specialised cells
Water and minerals enter by osmosis/ active transport, surface area increased
Water then moves up through plant in xylem vessels

Question 14

Xylem

Answer 14

Have rings of lignin which provides strength to withstand the water pressure changes through the plant

Question 15

Direction of water in plants

Answer 15

Only moves from the roots up the plants out through the lease

Question 16

What is transpiration

Answer 16

Process of water moving through a plant and evaporating through the stomata
Measured using a potometer
Helps cool down plants

Question 17

What does transpiration consist of

Answer 17

The movement of water into root hair cells by osmosis
The movement of water up the plant through the xylem
Evaporation of water through the stomata

Question 18

What affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 18

Temperature- increases the rate
Wind intensity- increases the rate
Large surface area- increases the rate
Small surface area- decreases the rate
Humidity- decreases the rate

Question 19

Phloem

Answer 19

Transport food up and down
Sugar produced by photosynthesis transported on phloem vessels to provide energy for the growth and repair
Sieve plates to control what moves from phloem cell to cell
Companion cells to carry out the cellular processes

Question 20

Hydrated guard cell

Answer 20

They become turgid which causes the stomata to open, allowing the water to evaporate

Question 21

Dehydrated guard cell

Answer 21

It loses water and becomes flaccid causing teh stomata to close
Happens when the plant isnt photosynthesising