KA2- Control And Commmunication Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system consist of

A

Central nervous system
Other nerves

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2
Q

What are neurones specialised to do

A

Allow rapid communication between cells in parts of the body by transmitting electrical impulses

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3
Q

What is the direction of impulses

A

Sensory neurone —> inter neurone —> motor neurone

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4
Q

What does the sensory neurone do

A

Carry nerve impulses from the sense organ to the inter neurone in the central nervous system

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5
Q

What does the inter neurone do

A

Carry nerve impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone

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6
Q

What does the motor neurone do

A

Carry nerve impulses from the inter neurone to muscles and glands (effectors)

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7
Q

What is a synapse

A

The tiny region between the axon ending of one neurone and the sensory fibre of the next

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8
Q

What happens in a synapse

A

A chemical is released into the gap between the 2 neurones that allow the nerve impulses to be transmitted

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9
Q

What is the CNS made of

A

Brain
Spinal chord

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10
Q

What is the function of the CNS

A

Process sensory information

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain

A

Medulla
Cerebellum
Cerebrum

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12
Q

What does the cerebrum control

A

Memory
Reasoning
Imagination
Creativity
Speech
Language
Movement
(Larges part of brain)

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13
Q

What does the medulla control

A

Automatic processes such as heart rate and breathing

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14
Q

What does the cerebellum control

A

Balance, coordination and skills such as cycling

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15
Q

What is a reflex arc

A

Involuntary responses which occur without input of the brain
E.g sneezing, blinking, limb withdrawl

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16
Q

Where do reflex arcs take place

A

Spinal chord

17
Q

What do Reflex arcs do

A

Protect the body from harm

18
Q

What is the process of a reflex arc

A

Stimulus —> receptor (e.g Sense Organ) —> sensory neurone —> Inter neurone —> motor neurone —> effector (muscle) —> response

19
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemicals which are secretly directed into the bloodstream by endocrine glands

20
Q

What do hormones do

A

Stimulate specific target tissues as they have receptors for a particular hormone

21
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Monitor blood glucose levels

22
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels are increased

A

Insulin is released by the pancreas to stimulate the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver

Glucose —insulin—> glycogen

23
Q

What happens when blood glucose levels decrease

A

Glucagon is released by the pancreas to stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver

Glycogen —glucagon—> glucose

24
Q

Responses in nervous system compared to endocrine system

A

Nervous system: immediate/ rapid response
Endocrine system: slow response

25
Q

Transmitting in nervous compared to endocrine system

A

Nervous: Transmitter through electrical impulses
Endocrine: Transmitter chemically through the blood stream

26
Q

Stimulating in the nervous compared to endocrine system

A

Nervous: stimulate target muscles or glands
Endocrine: specific hormones only stimulate the specific target tissue that have the specific matching receptor

27
Q

Effects in the nervous compared to endocrine system

A

Nervous: short lasting effects
Endocrine: longer lasting effects