KA2- Control And Commmunication Flashcards
What does the nervous system consist of
Central nervous system
Other nerves
What are neurones specialised to do
Allow rapid communication between cells in parts of the body by transmitting electrical impulses
What is the direction of impulses
Sensory neurone —> inter neurone —> motor neurone
What does the sensory neurone do
Carry nerve impulses from the sense organ to the inter neurone in the central nervous system
What does the inter neurone do
Carry nerve impulses from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone
What does the motor neurone do
Carry nerve impulses from the inter neurone to muscles and glands (effectors)
What is a synapse
The tiny region between the axon ending of one neurone and the sensory fibre of the next
What happens in a synapse
A chemical is released into the gap between the 2 neurones that allow the nerve impulses to be transmitted
What is the CNS made of
Brain
Spinal chord
What is the function of the CNS
Process sensory information
What are the 3 parts of the brain
Medulla
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
What does the cerebrum control
Memory
Reasoning
Imagination
Creativity
Speech
Language
Movement
(Larges part of brain)
What does the medulla control
Automatic processes such as heart rate and breathing
What does the cerebellum control
Balance, coordination and skills such as cycling
What is a reflex arc
Involuntary responses which occur without input of the brain
E.g sneezing, blinking, limb withdrawl
Where do reflex arcs take place
Spinal chord
What do Reflex arcs do
Protect the body from harm
What is the process of a reflex arc
Stimulus —> receptor (e.g Sense Organ) —> sensory neurone —> Inter neurone —> motor neurone —> effector (muscle) —> response
What are hormones
Chemicals which are secretly directed into the bloodstream by endocrine glands
What do hormones do
Stimulate specific target tissues as they have receptors for a particular hormone
What does the pancreas do
Monitor blood glucose levels
What happens when blood glucose levels are increased
Insulin is released by the pancreas to stimulate the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver
Glucose —insulin—> glycogen
What happens when blood glucose levels decrease
Glucagon is released by the pancreas to stimulate the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver
Glycogen —glucagon—> glucose
Responses in nervous system compared to endocrine system
Nervous system: immediate/ rapid response
Endocrine system: slow response
Transmitting in nervous compared to endocrine system
Nervous: Transmitter through electrical impulses
Endocrine: Transmitter chemically through the blood stream
Stimulating in the nervous compared to endocrine system
Nervous: stimulate target muscles or glands
Endocrine: specific hormones only stimulate the specific target tissue that have the specific matching receptor
Effects in the nervous compared to endocrine system
Nervous: short lasting effects
Endocrine: longer lasting effects
