KA3

Question 1

Why is artificial insemenation useful

Answer 1

• useful where male has low sperm count

•several samples of semen are collected over a period of time

•semen from a donor can also be used in the process if the man is sterile

Question 2

ICSI

Answer 2

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Question 3

Why is ICSI carried out

Answer 3

• if males mature sperm are defective or low in number

Question 4

Alr we are in fertility

Question 5

Features of Mens fertility

Answer 5

Men continuously produce sperm in their testes, so this is continuous fertility

Question 6

What about a women’s fertility features

Answer 6

A women is only fertile for a few days in each peroid (MC) so this is cyclical fertility

Question 7

How can a women’s fertile peroid be indicated by

Answer 7

1. Temperature rise of around 0.5 C after ovulation
2. Thin and watery cervical mucus

Question 8

Why does infertility occur

Answer 8

Failure to ovulate

Question 9

Why is the failure to ovulate occurring

Answer 9

Because of the failure of the pituatry gland to secrete FSH & LH

Question 10

How can ovulation be stimulating

Answer 10

With the use of drugs

Question 11

What do these drugs do to stimulate ovulation

Answer 11

1. Mimic the action of FSH and
2. Prevent the negative feedback effect of oestrogen on FSH secretion

Question 12

Whats an effect of these drugs

Answer 12

Super ovulation

Question 13

What is a result of super ovulation

Answer 13

Multiple births

Question 14

What else can they be used for

Answer 14

Collect ova for in vitro fertilisation programmes

Question 15

Artificial insemniation

Answer 15

It’s when semen is inserted into the female reproductive tract by some means other than sexual reproduction

Question 16

Get over here 🥺

Question 17

How is ICSI DONE

Answer 17

The head of the sperm is drawn into a needle and injected directly into the egg to achieve fertilisation

Question 18

When can ICSI also be used

Answer 18

During IVF

Question 19

IVF stages

Answer 19

1. Women given hormonal treatment to stimulate super ovulation
2. Surgery to remove several eggs
3. Eggs mixed with sperm in a culture dish to allow fertilisation to occur

Question 20

Stage pt2

Answer 20

•Zygotes are incubated until they have formed at least 8 cells

•the embryos are then transferred to the uterus for implantation

Question 21

PGD

Answer 21

Pre-implantation genetic disorder

Question 22

Physical contraptions methods

Question 23

Barriers

•condom
•Cervical cap
•Diaphragm

Answer 23

These methods prevent sperm entering the uterus and reaching and egg

Question 24

IUD

Answer 24

fitted into the uterus to prevent implantation of an embryo in the endometrium

Question 25

Chemical contraception methods

Question 26

Oral contraceptive method

Answer 26

It contains a combination of synthetic oestrogen and progesterone mimics negative feedback preventing the release of FSH and LH from the pituatry gland

Question 27

Progesterone only mini pills b

Answer 27

Contains synthetic progesterone to thicken the cervical mucus

Question 28

Emergency hormonal contraceptives pill

Answer 28

Nick name “morning pill” Can be taken up to 72-120 hours after unprotected sex depending on type of pill used prevent or delays ovulation