Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Meat And Dairy > K14 CATTLE HOUSING > Flashcards

K14 CATTLE HOUSING Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of housing

A

provide dairy cattle protection from adverse climatic conditions
-improves milk production by reduce stress and disease hazards
-facilitate management that can improve efficiency in dairy cattle housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the challeges in dairy cattle housing system?

A

The more advanced the technology in the dairy cattle housing system, the higher the cost is needed.
The design of the system and the level of management applied to the system can affect the health of the cows. The cleanliness of the housing and animals can have an impact on both lameness and mastitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the requirements for housing system?

A

sun shade//ventilation//light//location//electricity//water supp,y//bedding//biosecurity//milking parlour//special requirements//feeding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where should the dary cattle house being located and why?

A
  1. far from urban area- avoid bad odour or lead to pathogenic infections/ also prevent noise pollution which can affect animal production
  2. Soil should be loamy and gravely which are best suited for building construction
  3. protection from wind and solar radiation-tall and quick growing tress near the building to prevent wind breaks in the farm by reducing the wind velocity and solar radiation
  4. transport facilities with easy accessibility to reach the market from the farm with a good road- to reduce transport cost and avoid spoilage of products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the importance of sun shade

A

-increase milk production and reproduction
-protect the dairy cattle from ectreme heat
-maintain temperature of 25-30℃
-prevent direct sunshine
-should located with long axis east to west to prevent entry of direct sunlight into the shed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the electricity in dairy cattle house

A

-required to operate various machines
-light source for the animals
- every farm should have own standby generator to provide electricity when power outage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the natural ventilation

A

-relies on the natural forces of wind and the thermal properties of air
-components includes
1. sidewall inlet- large adjustable make use of prevaling winds
-h=4-5m
- can cover with an adjustable curtain
2. bird screen- prevent birds from entering
3. ridge opening- release water vapour, body heat and other gaseous discharges from cattle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the water supply in dairy cattle housing

A

-cattle should have access to clean and uncontaminated water supply
-25-40 litres for cattle weight 200-400kg a day
- also needed for cleaning process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain heat ventilation

A
  1. tunnel ventilation
    -reduce heat stress// increase air flow// large fans, 120-180cm diameter for cooling
  2. sprinkler system
    -create droplet the weat the cows’ hair coat to the skin// fans force over the cows’ body cause evaporate cooling occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List down the types of ventilation

A

Natural ventilation
fan ventilation
heat ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the ventilation in dairy cattle house

A

-natural/fan/heat
- to provide fresh air
- control heat produced by the cow in hot weather
- remove odours and gaseous from manure and urine and breathing out carbon dioxide gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the types f housing type

A

Tie stall
Free stall
Loose housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain fan ventilation

A
  • fans provide power to move and excange the air
  • air moving capacity based on the size and efficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain free stall housing

A

resting area divided into stalls
divided into 2 sides with central space of 4.2-4.8m
the cattle are not restrained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain the loose housing

A

cow walk freely in the house
feeding and layng areas are separated
manure spread over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain tie-stall housing

A

each cow restrained in stall
T-T / H-H arrangement

11
Q

What are the housing materials

A

Floors, roofs, walls

11
Q

Explain floors

A

important part and slope designed.
frequently used by animals for various purposes as resting, movement, feeding and milking
materials: cement concrete floor/ building bricks/ vitrified paving bricks

11
Q

Comfort item

A

to put on concrete floor
- can be very hard on feet
- can become slippery
used rubber belting/ mats to reduce wear on hooves

11
Q

Explain bedding

A

-cows need a soft and clean lying area that affords sufficient grip to prevent animals from slipping when rising and reclining

11
Q

Types of bedding

A

Compost bedding- open style barn/ foot and leg health are reported as positive
Straw beedding- compost well and reduce in volume, better than sawdust or wood shavings/attractive bedding alternative
Paper-based bedding- shredded waste paer, paper pulp, specially-designed proprietary granulated bedding products//latent alkalinity of some paper-based products has a disinfectant effect and can help to control pathogens.
Sand bedding- much lower level of pathogens (because sand is an inert material, it will not tend to promote growth of pathogens) than organic beddings such as straw or sawdust
Sawdust & wood shavings- most commonly used// being broken down by microorganisms in the disposal system/lower cost and availability

11
Q

What are the reasons freestalls fail

A

lunge space limitations
lack of comfort and cushion
lack of fresh air and vision

11
Q

What materials for wall

A
  1. building bricks
  2. vitrified paving bricks - hard, impervious and durable bricks paving more then 10% of iron oxide
  3. glazed bricks - expensive/ providing sanitary finishes on walls and the places where hygienic condition and washable surfaces are necessary.
11
Q

What materials for roof

A

-prevent the solar radiation
1. tiles - conducts heat rapidly/ suitable for hot climate
2. Asbestos sheet - poultry building/ mixing cement mixture with varying quantities of vegetable fiber
3. Aluminium sheets - more durable as it is rust proof

11
Q

What are the types of roof

A
  1. lean to type roof- single slope adopted for shed type of buildings/ no roof ventilation
  2. gable roof- Coupled roof with two slopes/ roof ventilation provide in the form of continuous ridge opening protected by louvre board
  3. monitor roof- two slopes with a ventilation gap of one feet/ suitable for tropical buildings and it serves the purposes of ventilating and lighting the building
11
Q

Why is cleaning manure important

A

give comfortable to cow
to keep foot health
keep housing hygiene
avoid a build up of slurry and pathogen

11
Q

What are types of scraper and explain

A
  1. Automatic scraper- pushed forward by the ram on the track/ hydraulic system/ slurry layer on the track will cause the saddle to disengage from the track/ Large enough gap to allow slurry to fall through into the store below
  2. Robot scraper- pushes and scrapes tirelesslty/ corners and edges to ensure clean/ portable/ small
  3. Manual scraper- use human force/ traditional method/ hire worker
  4. Tractor scraper- costly in maintenance and oil consuming/ expensive/ portable/ need large spacing during scraping/ need worker
  5. Flood washing- labour saving/ more frequent cleaning of passages compared to tractor scraping/ automatic timer to flush every 2h/ need large quantity of water
  6. Jet spray- need special pump/ highly pressure of water/ need worker/ safe time compare to manual scraping
11
Q

Explain the drainage system

A
  • keep the environment clean
  • protect the building from dampness
  • ensure the health of dairy cattle
  • increase quality of milk
    -ideal slope of 0.5% for floor to prevent pooling of water
11
Q

What are the special requirement

A
  1. Maternity Pen
  2. Milking parlour
  3. housing of calves
  4. cow brushes
  5. isolation shed
  6. holding pen
  7. Drinking site
  8. Feeding site
  9. Biosecurity
11
Q

Explain the maternity pen

A
  • 3.66m x 3.66m allows space for the cow and cald and facilitates treatment
  • seperate from other animals
  • clean and well bedded, preferably with straw
  • have skid resistant floor
  • have a stanchion to restrain the animal and a lifting ring
  • have drinking water avaible
11
Q

Explain the milking parlour

A
  • isolated room or separate building to which cow are taken for milking
  • cow are milked and then returned to a feeding/ resting area
  • using bucket milkers or a pipeline milking system
  • ensure the hygine to increase milk quality
11
Q

Explain housing of calves

A
  • provide an environment which will minimize the requirement for veterinary aid, minimize calf mortality and encourage the production of healthy calves.
  • provide a suitable environment to both the calf as well as the stockman
  • Reduce stress for cow because it will effect the milk yield
11
Q

Explain cow brushes

A
  • Safe way for cows to scratch themselves
  • Increasing blood circulation while keeping the cows clean, busy and calm.
  • Increase fed intake
  • Increase up to 3.5% of milk
11
Q

Explain the isolation shed

A
  • Isolate diseased cattle from other animal on farm.
  • To prevent the spread of respiratory diseases, quarantined cattle should not share the same airspace with resident cattle.
  • Quarantined cattle should not share feeders, waterers or equipment with resident cattle.
11
Q

Explain the holding pen

A
  • hold the large group of animals required for handling
  • Requires around 1.8m² of space per cow
    -Access to water and feed, and allow cows to lie down.
    -Headlocks are important if the pen will be used for initial examination and simple treatment.
11
Q

Type of Drinking Site

A

Tipping trough
Water trough

11
Q

Explain the drinking site

A
  • Good quality water supplied through adequate, reliable and readily accessible drinking facilities
  • Streams and other water courses is discouraged due to disease risks from contaminated water and can lead to water pollution, erosion of banks and habitat damage
  • Tap water as source with low chlorine
11
Q

Explain the Feeding Site

A
  • Food trench for feedlot cattle is built on the edges of enclosures so that feeding is easy to carry.
  • The ideal material for made feeding site is using cement.
  • 0.45m x 0.15m x 0.61 m for one cow
11
Q

Explain Biosecurity

A

To prevent emergency animal disease outbreaks

  1. Limit access on the farm.
  2. Wear clean boots and clothing in the barn.
  3. Make sure to use a foot bath and clean the boots with a brush and disinfectant before entering the barn.
  4. Clean the barn everyday. Most importantly, clean the manure.

Meat And Dairy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions