K-0

Question 1

Liming:

Answer 1

the process of applying a basic improver to soil to prevent acidification.

Question 2

Lactation:

Answer 2

a physiological phase following birth during which a female mammal produces milk.

Question 3

Loam:

Answer 3

soil particles whose diameter is between 2 and 50 microns.

Question 4

Maw:

Answer 4

fourth stomach pouch in ruminants used to chemically digest food (equivalent to the stomach in monogastric animals). Syn: abomasum.

Question 5

Mutual aid (agriculture):

Answer 5

price equalization system for agricultural work.

Question 6

Manure:

Answer 6

solid mixture of animal excrement and bedding material.

Question 7

Milking pipeline:

Answer 7

part of a milking machine used to transport milk from the milking parlor to the tank. It is composed of a stainless steel pipe.

Question 8

Mastitis:

Answer 8

inflammation of the teat following a tissue infection by causative agents.

Question 9

Metritis:

Answer 9

inflammation of the uterus.

Question 10

Monogastric:

Answer 10

a species whose gastrointestinal tract only includes one stomach, e.g. horses, pigs, poultry, humans, etc.

Question 11

Mineral lick:

Answer 11

block used to provide animals with vitamins and minerals, e.g.: salt lick.

Question 12

Mixed farming:

Answer 12

growing different plant species within the same agricultural holding.

Question 13

Milking pail:

Answer 13

a recipient used with a milking machine to collect an animal’s milk.

Question 14

Milking parlor:

Answer 14

: an area specially equipped for mechanical milking of animals in open housing. Depending on the positioning of animals on the milking platform, a distinction is drawn between herringbone milking parlors (animals positioned at an angle to the dairyman) or rear milking parlors (traite par l’arrière – TPA) where animals have their backs to the dairyman. Some milking parlors may also take the form of a carousel (herringbone or rear milking). Finally, mobile milking parlors that can be taken out to pastures are also available.

Question 15

Milk tank:

Answer 15

an enclosed stainless steel, insulated, cooled tank, generally with a cooling system, in which milk is collected and cooled during milking.

Question 16

Mortality rate:

Answer 16

reflects losses of animals at the same stage of physiological development (generally young animals). It is the ratio of dead young to young born. It is expressed as a percentage.
Success rate for first AI: a technical criterion widely used in farming, which relates to the number of gestating females after just one artificial insemination.

Question 17

Nursing:

Answer 17

adjective describing a female or stock of mammals whose milk production is suckled directly by their young.

Question 18

Nitrogen:

Answer 18

chemical element with the symbol N, an essential component of living matter alongside carbon, oxygen and water

Question 19

Nitrate:

Answer 19

the ion NO3- which is a form of nitrogen that can be assimilated by plants (along with NH4+).

Question 20

Net income:

Answer 20

a measurement of net resources retained by a business at year-end: profit or loss. In accounting terms, the term denotes the difference between income and expenses for the financial year. It is calculated as follows: net income = operating result before tax + extraordinary profit or loss – tax on profits – employee profit sharing.

Question 21

Oilseeds:

Answer 21

plants grown specifically for their high-fat seed or fruit from which oil is extracted for food, energy or industrial use.
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Question 22

OP:

Answer 22

Organisation de Producteurs (Producers’ Organization). Such organizations are set up by groups of farmers seeking to pool their resources to rebalance their commercial relations with downstream economic operators in their industry.

Question 23

Oestrus:

Answer 23

a period during which the female exhibits apparent and distinctive behavior (=in heat) whose most typical sign is acceptance of mating.

Question 24

Operating result before tax:

Answer 24

standardized intermediate management balance essentially calculated as follows: production for the financial year + operating subsidies – operating expenses (including depreciation) – net financial expenses.
= Operating income - Operating expenses + Financial Result.

Question 25

Oilcake:

Answer 25

derived product from the oil production industry generated after extracting oil from oilseeds or oil protein crops. Widely used in animal feed and notably valued for its high protein levels.