Justice Flashcards
Define Justice
Justice imply something which is not only right to do and wrong to do, but also which someone can claim from us as one’s moral right.
Justice denotes for virtuous and moral act or arrangement.
In matter of distribution, it implies giving each person his due or fair share to all
Definition of justice by Plato
Justice is harmony of soul and each individual and class performing its duty to best of their abilities and aptitude
Definition of justice according to Aristotle
Justice as fairness in distribution of income, wealth, rewards, honours, political offices, punishments etc Based on the principle of equity, proportional and arithmetic equality.
Definition of justice according to John Rawl
Justice is fairness in distribution of resources, awards, honours and political offices
Who gave the entitlement theory of justice and what is it?
Robert Nozick give the entitlement theory of justice. It means the distribution of holdings in a society is just if everyone in the society is entitled to what he has.
Definition of justice by Amartya Sen
Justice by practical reasoning; justice as fair procedure(Niti) vs Justice realized(nyaya)
Justice according to JS Mill
Justice as perfect obligation
What are the different types of justice?
Procedural justice
Distributive justice
Retributive justice
Restorative justice
Global justice
What is procedural justice?
Just is based on just, fair and transparent rules and procedure and institutional arrangement
Formal Justice
Consistent with liberalism
What is distributive justice?
Just and fair distribution of goods and services, benefits and rewards.
May also impliy social justice If equality of status, dignity of individual and minimum needs of people are insured by society/community/state
Substantive Justice . Also called end state Justice.
Supported by communitarian, socialist and Communist ideologies
What is retributive justice and restorative justice?
Retributive justice-justice is reasonable and proportionate punishment to crime
Restorative justice -repairing the ham cost to the victim and mend a fender to bring back to mainstream
Global justice
Where is doing justice beyond Borders of nation- states at international/global level
In which book did John Rawl Give the theory of justice.
Theory of justice, 1971
What is Rawl’s theory of justice called?
End-state theory of justice
In which book did Robert Nozick gave his theory of justice
Anarchy, state and Utopia 1974
What is Robert Nozick’s theory of justice called
Entitlement theory of justice
In which book did John Rawl attempt to give a theory of global global justice
Law of people, 1993
In which book did Amartya Sen give the theory of global justice?
The idea of justice, 2009 
How is Rawlsian individual?
Strip down, abstract individual: free and equal rational self interested, but not egoist, individualistic, autonomous, but having sense of justice and conservative risktakers
Is Chain connection?
Society’s strength aby strengthening its weakest link
Explain Rawl’s theory of justice
His idea of justice was the outcome of rules and institutional framework for distribution of primary social goods of an imaginary social contract among rational individuals who come together to frame the rules of Socio political arrangement for the society
Despite each individual having his own conception of good life and personal moral values, they arrived at just procedure and fair rules of distributive justice, for sharing primary social goods, solely on the basis of their innate sense of reason and rationality.
It is a blend of procedural and distributive justice
Who was the pioneer of modern or positive liberalism
John Rawl r
What is libertarianism?
It was a revival of classical liberalism. It considered right to property sacrosanct rejected any redistribution of wealth by government, give primacy to liberty over any other normative value and supported a minimal state.
Explain Robert Nozick’s theory of justice AKA entitlement theory
His theory of justice is based on simple and straightforward logic. It claims that even acquisition, transfer and transaction of property has been done in just manner. The resultant pattern of distribution of properties also just hence the state has no right to forcibly change the pattern of distribution of property in the name of distributive justice. Any attempt to change the distributive pattern would violate the personal liberty of individual And be futile.
it gave entitlement theory of justice based on fair and just rules for acquisition and transfer of social goods. his theory denoted procedural theory of justice.
The theory conformed to the core libertarian thought of protecting personal liberty at any cost inviolability of private property rights and minimalistic state
Nightwatchmen State
State should only do maintenance of law and order to protect life, liberty and property of citizen and defence against external attacks.
Minimum tax for its bare minimum functions
Two principles of justice according to john rawl? Which is more important
Principle of equal liberty
Difference principle
1st principle is more important
Explain difference principle
Social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they are both a) the greatest benefit of the lease advantage persons and
B ) attached offices and positions open to all under conditions of equality of opportunity(this is the 2nd priority)
What is equality principle
Each person has an equal right to the most extensive liberty is compatible with similar liberties for all
3 legitimate ways of acquisition according to Robert Nozick
1.Initial acquisition
2. Voluntary Transfer
3. Rectification
3 kinda of people by Rawls
Liberal
Non liberal decent people
Outlaws or burdened people
Rawls law of people :8 principles
Principles- 1. People has organised by their governments are free and independent and their freedom and independence is to be the expected by other peoples
2. Peoples are equal and parties to their own agreements
3. People have the right of self defence, but no right to war.
4. People or to observe a duty of non-intervention.
5. People or to observe treaties and undertakings.
6. People or to observe certain specified restrictions on the conduct of war.
7. People are to honour human rights.
8. People have a duty to assist other people living under unfavourable conditions that prevent their having a just a decent, political and social regime
Three organisations by John rawl
- One for ensuring fair trade among people
- Cooperative banking institution from which people may borrow
- A confederation of people like UN
How did Rawls propose his theory of global justice
Realistic utopia
Who gave the capability based theory of justice
Amartya Sen
Meaning of niti and nyay
Niti-just rules and institutional fairness
Nyay-justice realised
Related to Amartya Sen
Who gave the feminist theory of justice and in which book
Susan Moller Okin
Book - justice, gender and family , 1989
Theory also called the humanist theory of justice
Priorities among the principles of justice according to John Rawls
- first priority to the equality principle
- Second priority to share equal of opportunity in access to public offices and positions.
- third priority to the difference principle, -distributive justice to the greatest benefit of the Lisa advantage persons.
