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Dairy Bowl 2021 > Juniors-2021 > Flashcards

Juniors-2021 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of milking parlor has the cows set up on a platform with the stalls in a circle which rotates while the milker can stay in position?

A

Rotary Parlor

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2
Q

What is administration of medicine to the skin or to the mucous membranes of the eyes ears and nasal passages?

A

Topical

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3
Q

What are tiny sacs in the udder where milk Is produced?

A

Alveoli

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4
Q

What is an understanding of many different sciences related to the care of animals?

A

Animal Husbandry

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5
Q

What is a group of cattle with similar traits that are passed from generation to generation?

A

Breed

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6
Q

What is the area directly behind cattle?

A

Blind spot

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7
Q

What is an intact male of the bovine species?

A

Bull

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8
Q

What is a young dairy animal less than six months of age?

A

Calf

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9
Q

What are cattle with parents and/or ancestors of different breeds?

A

Crossbred

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10
Q

What is the mother of a calf?

A

Dam

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11
Q

What is a cow that is not lactating but has been through one lactation previously?

A

Dry cow

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12
Q

What is a solution of minerals that helps restore normal concentration of minerals in the body during dehydration?

A

Electrolytes

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13
Q

What is an animal’s safety zone?

A

Flight zone

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14
Q

What does the term freshening mean?

A

Having a calf

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15
Q

What is a young female that has not given birth yet?

A

Heifer

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16
Q

What is administration of medicine by injecting it into the muscle?

A

Intramuscular injection

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17
Q

What is the class of animals that give birth to live young and has the ability to produce milk from the mammary gland to feed the young?

A

Mammals

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18
Q

What is administration of medicine in the mouth or in water?

A

Oral

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19
Q

How many ovaries do cattle have?

A

Two

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20
Q

What term describes cattle that do not grow horns because of their genetic makeup?

A

Polled

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21
Q

What is an animal that has four stomach compartments?

A

Ruminant

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22
Q

What are forages that have gone through the anaerobic process of fermentation in a silo?

A

Silage

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23
Q

What is a heifer that is pregnant and is going to give birth soon?

A

Springing heifer

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24
Q

What are castrated male cattle called?

A

Steer

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25
Q

What is the father of a calf?

A

Sire

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26
Q

What organ is the site of growth and development of a calf during pregnancy?

A

Uterus

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27
Q

What is the period of time that must pass before a product can be harvested after treatment with a medication?

A

Withdrawal time

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28
Q

If an embryo contains two x chromosomes what sex will the calf be?

A

Female

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29
Q

If an embryo contains an x and y chromosome what sex will the calf be?

A

Male

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30
Q

What feedstuff is a by-product from removing oil from soybeans?

A

Soybean Meal

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31
Q

What feedstuff is a by-product from removing cotton oil from cottonseeds?

A

Cottonseed Meal

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32
Q

What is another name for an umbilical infection?

A

Navel Ill

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33
Q

What is the name of the person who trims cows hooves?

A

Hoof trimmer

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34
Q

What is the name of the person who practices medical and surgical treatment of animals?

A

Veterinarian

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35
Q

What is the name of the person who help dairy producers develop a balanced diet for their cows?

A

Nutritionist

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36
Q

What type of milk prepared by removing about half the water from whole milk and adding at least 40 percent added sugar?

A

Sweetened Condensed Milk

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37
Q

What term describes cheese that is cured for over six months to give it a sharp flavor and firm texture?

A

Aged

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38
Q

What dairy product is made by adding a special bacterial culture to light cream?

A

Sour cream

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39
Q

How many cups of milk should those 9-18 years old eat daily?

A

3

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40
Q

What is the serving size of fluid milk?

A

1 cup

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41
Q

What is the female reproductive cell produced in the ovary?

A

Egg or Oocyte

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42
Q

What is the process of carrying young in the uterus?

A

Gestation, Pregnancy

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43
Q

When tying your dairy project animal what type of know should you use?

A

Quick release slip knot

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44
Q

What type of clippers do you use when clipping your cows ears, tail and to fine tune the topline?

A

Small Clippers

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45
Q

What type of clippers do you use when clipping your cows body?

A

Large Clippers

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46
Q

Where did the Jersey originate?

A

Isle of Jersey

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47
Q

Which breed generally produces milk with the highest fat and protein content?

A

Jersey

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48
Q

Where did the Milking Shorthorn originate?

A

England

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49
Q

How much is dairy strength worth on the PDCA Dairy Cow Unified Scorecard?

A

25

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50
Q

How much is udder worth on the PDCA Dairy Cow Unified Scorecard?

A

40

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51
Q

What is the reference point to determine the height of the udder floor?

A

Hock

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52
Q

How many animals are in a class in a 4-H dairy judging contest?

A

4

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53
Q

When exhibiting a dairy animal in a circle, which direction should you move?

A

clockwise

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54
Q

What is the initial milk secreted after calving by the mother called?

A

Colostrum

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55
Q

What is the structure called when a calf nurses and milk bypasses the rumen and reticulum and goes directly to the omasum and abomasum?

A

Esophageal Groove

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56
Q

What is an on-farm tool for estimating colostrum quality?

A

Brix refractometer, Colostrometer

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57
Q

What is the act of taking a young animal off of milk as the main source of nutrition?

A

Weaning

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58
Q

What is the most important factor to consider in determining when to breed a heifer for the first time?

A

Body size

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59
Q

What are the leading causes of death in young calves?

A

Scours, Pneumonia

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60
Q

At what age should calves be dehorned?

A

Around 3 weeks

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61
Q

What is feed that a cow has regurgitated and is being re-chewed?

A

Cud

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62
Q

What is the tube that connects the mouth to the rumen?

A

Esophagus

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63
Q

What is any chemical substance that provides nourishment to the body?

A

Nutrient

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64
Q

What is a blend of all feeds (forages & concentrates) in one feed?

A

Total mixed ration

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65
Q

What is the vegetative portion of plants fed to livestock in the fresh, dried or ensiled state?

A

Forage

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66
Q

Hardware disease occurs in which stomach compartment?

A

Reticulum

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67
Q

What stomach compartment is known as the honeycomb?

A

Reticulum

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68
Q

What stomach compartment is known as the fermentation vat?

A

Rumen

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69
Q

What stomach compartment is called the many plies?

A

Omasum

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70
Q

What stomach compartment is called the true stomach?

A

Abomasum

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71
Q

What are the most concentrated energy source in a dairy cattle ration?

A

Fats

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72
Q

If a farmer said he was feeding a 16% dairy feed what is he referring to?

A

Crude protein amount

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73
Q

Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium and Chloride are what types of minerals?

A

Macrominerals

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74
Q

How many gallons of water does a cow drink each day?

A

30-50 gallons

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75
Q

Performance will be reduced the quickest through a lack of which nutrient?

A

Water

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76
Q

Cobalt, Iodine, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Iron and Selenium are what type of minerals?

A

Microminerals

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77
Q

What type of plants are alfalfa, clover, soybeans and lespedeza?

A

Legumes

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78
Q

Cottonseed hulls, Cottonseed meal, distillers grains, soybean hulls, soybean meal and brewers grain are examples of what kid of feedstuff?

A

By-product feedstuffs

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79
Q

How many teeth does a mature cow have?

A

32

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80
Q

What is often added to dairy rations to improve taste and reduce dustiness?

A

Molasses

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81
Q

What is the largest cost in milk production?

A

Feed

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82
Q

What stirs milk in the bulk tank to help with cooling and to provide a uniform product mixture for sampling?

A

Agitator

83
Q

What is the large storage tank for cooling and storing milk at a cold temperature until it is transported to a processing plant?

A

Bulk tank

84
Q

What is the process by which the first few streams of milk are removed from the teat prior to milking to observe for abnormalities and to flush the teat canal?

A

Forestripping

85
Q

What is the waxy substance produced by cells lining the teat canal that serves as a plug between milking and aids in reducing penetration by microorganisms?

A

Keratin

86
Q

What is the period of time when a cow is in milk?

A

Lactation

87
Q

What is the part of the milking system that causes the alternate vacuum pressure between the teat cup shell and liner?

A

Pulsator

88
Q

What hormone causes milk letdown?

A

Oxytocin

89
Q

What is the most common type of milking parlor uses?

A

Herringbone

90
Q

What is the most frequent cause of high bacterial counts in milk?

A

Dirty equipment

91
Q

What hormone interferes with milk letdown?

A

Adrenaline, Epinephrine

92
Q

How long should the pre-dip be left on the teat before it is wiped off?

A

20-30 seconds

93
Q

What is the most costly disease in dairy cattle?

A

Mastitis

94
Q

Where did the first cows arrive in America?

A

Jamestown Colony

95
Q

What is the traditionally recommended length of the dry period for dairy cows?

A

45-60 days

96
Q

When is the most effective time to treat mastitis infections?

A

Drying off

97
Q

What is the process that turns cream into butter?

A

Churning

98
Q

What is the primary protein found in milk?

A

Casein

99
Q

What is the process that destroys any disease-producing bacteria that might be present in raw milk?

A

Pasteurization

100
Q

What is milk as it comes from the cow prior to processing?

A

Raw milk

101
Q

What is the fluid by-product of cheese making?

A

Whey

102
Q

What is the major solids component of milk?

A

Lactose

103
Q

What vitamin is added to milk a processing to prevent rickets?

A

Vitamin D

104
Q

What is nature’s most nearly perfect food?

A

Milk

105
Q

What is the process of dividing milk into skim milk and cream?

A

Separation

106
Q

What is the process that assures that milk and dairy products will be uniform in protein and fat content?

A

Standardization

107
Q

Which two minerals found in milk are important in bone growth?

A

Calcium, Phosphorus

108
Q

Milk is what percentage water?

A

87.40%

109
Q

How offer should the bulk tank be washed and sanitized?

A

Every time it is emptied

110
Q

Where are off-flavors in milk most commonly found?

A

Butterfat

111
Q

How many calories are in fat free milk?

A

80

112
Q

How many calories are in whole milk?

A

150

113
Q

How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make a pound of cheese?

A

10 pounds

114
Q

What is classified according to consistency as soft, semi-soft, hard and very hard?

A

Cheese

115
Q

What is the most popular variety of cheese in the United States?

A

Mozzarella

116
Q

What is the second most popular variety of cheese in the United States?

A

Cheddar

117
Q

What is the highest grade of butter sold in the United States?

A

US Grade AA

118
Q

How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make a gallon of ice cream?

A

12 pounds

119
Q

What grade of milk is milk produced under sanitary conditions that qualify it for fluid consumption?

A

Grade A

120
Q

What is the document that established the standards for Grade A milk?

A

Pasteurized Milk Ordinance (PMO)

121
Q

What month is observed as Dairy month?

A

June

122
Q

What month is observed as National Grilled Cheese month?

A

April

123
Q

What month is observed as National Ice Cream month?

A

July

124
Q

What state ranks first for the number of organic cows?

A

California

125
Q

What fast food chain uses the most milk in the US?

A

McDonalds

126
Q

What is the victory drink of the Indianapolis 500?

A

Milk

127
Q

What is the USDA illustration of the five food groups in a place setting called?

A

MyPlate

128
Q

Which state ranks first for number of dairy cows?

A

California

129
Q

Which state ranks first for total milk production?

A

California

130
Q

How much does a gallon of milk weigh?

A

8.6 pounds

131
Q

How much is in a hundredweight?

A

100 pounds

132
Q

What does it mean if someone sees “3X” in a dairy animal’s production record?

A

The cow was milked 3 times a day

133
Q

What is a firm that is owned by its farmer members, operated for their benefit and distributes earnings on the basis of patronage?

A

Cooperative

134
Q

What is the main reason that dairy cows refuse to use free stalls?

A

Improper size

135
Q

What is depositing of sperm into the reproductive tract of a female other than by natural mating?

A

Artificial Insemination

136
Q

What is the process of removing a fertilized ovum from a donor cow and transferring it to another cow or heifer?

A

Embryo transfer

137
Q

What is the structure through which the fetus receives all of its nutrients?

A

Placenta

138
Q

On average, how many days are the between heat periods?

A

21 days

139
Q

What is the most reliable sign of estrus?

A

Standing to be mounted

140
Q

What is used to freeze and store semen?

A

Liquid nitrogen

141
Q

What is used to determine pregnancy, embryonic losses, if twins are being carried and determine the sex of the embryo?

A

Ultrasound

142
Q

Which breed has the longest gestation period?

A

Brown Swiss

143
Q

What is the average gestation length for a cow?

A

276-292 days

144
Q

Which season is retained placenta incidence highest?

A

Summer

145
Q

What is a sterile heifer that is born twin to a bull?

A

Freemartin

146
Q

What is the basic unit of inheritance?

A

Gene

147
Q

Who parent determines that sex of a calf?

A

Sire

148
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do dairy cattle have?

A

30 pairs

149
Q

What is the technical term used to describe brothers and sisters?

A

Siblings

150
Q

What is a record of ancestry?

A

Pedigree

151
Q

What accompanies a purebred animal and certifies its parentage?

A

Registration paper

152
Q

What is the most important feature when selecting tags for identification?

A

Visibility

153
Q

What is the three number country code for the United States for animal identification?

A

840

154
Q

The undesirable recessive traits known as weaver, spiderleg and spinal muscular atrophy affect which breed?

A

Brown Swiss

155
Q

The undesirable recessive traits known as Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency, Haplotype for Cholesterol Deficiency, and Complex Vertebral Malformations affect which breed?

A

Holstein

156
Q

The undesirable recessive traits know as limber legs and rectovaginal constrictions affect which breed?

A

Jersey

157
Q

What are chemical agents given to animals that kill or stop growth of bacteria

A

Antibiotics

158
Q

If your vet says your cow has a DA what is wrong with her?

A

Displaced Abomasum, Twisted Stomach

159
Q

What is an instrument used to give an animal a pill?

A

Balling Gun

160
Q

What are diseases and infections that are transmitted between vertebrate animals and human beings?

A

Zoonosis

161
Q

What are management practices that protect the herd from the entry of new disease and minimize the spread and or adverse effects of disease in the herd?

A

Biosecurity

162
Q

What term describes any microorganism that causes disease?

A

Pathogen

163
Q

What is the normal body temperature for a calf?

A

102.5 degrees F

164
Q

What is the normal body temperature for an adult dairy cow?

A

101.5 degrees F

165
Q

What is the normal pulse rate for a cow?

A

60-70 heart beats per minute

166
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for a cow?

A

30 breaths per minute

167
Q

What causes BVD, IBR, PI-3 and Warts?

A

Virus

168
Q

How many pounds of blood are pumped through the udder to produce one pound of milk?

A

400 pounds

169
Q

What is a condition that occurs when a cow cannot belch?

A

Bloat

170
Q

What is the common name for the disease know as acetonemia?

A

Ketosis

171
Q

What is the common name for the disease know as parturient paresis?

A

Milk fever

172
Q

What is the common name for the disease know as pododermatitis?

A

Foot rot

173
Q

What is the common name for the disease know as infections bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

A

Pink eye

174
Q

What is the common name for the disease know as infections bovine rhinotraceitis?

A

Red nose

175
Q

What is the common name for the disease know as listeriosis?

A

Circling disease

176
Q

What is the common name for the disease know as traumatic gastritis?

A

Hardware disease

177
Q

What is often given to an animal to prevent hardware disease?

A

Magnet

178
Q

What are copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and formalin used in?

A

Footbath

179
Q

What are lung worms, round worms, stomach worms, liver flukes and coccidia?

A

Internal parasites

180
Q

What are flies, lice, mites, mosquitoes and ticks?

A

External parasites

181
Q

What is the most effective management tool to control flies on a dairy farm?

A

Sanitation

182
Q

What causes ringworm?

A

Fungus

183
Q

What is a disease in calves characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, and unthriftiness?

A

Scours

184
Q

What does the acronym FDA stand for?

A

Food and Drug Administration

185
Q

What does the acronym DHIA stand for?

A

Dairy Herd Information Association

186
Q

What does the acronym PDCA stand for?

A

Purebred Dairy Cattle Association

187
Q

What does the acronym USDA stand for?

A

United States Department of Agriculture

188
Q

What is the national dairy farm magazine?

A

Hoard’s Dairyman

189
Q

Who is considered the first person to discover that bacteria caused food spoilage and disease?

A

Louis Pasteur

190
Q

Who invented the milk bottle?

A

Dr. Harvey Thatcher

191
Q

What is the most common type of manure storage on dairy farms?

A

Slurry

192
Q

What is a plan for land application of manure and fertilizer to meet crop needs?

A

Nutrient management plan

193
Q

Who is the largest dairy cooperative in the US?

A

Dairy Farmers of American (DFA)

194
Q

Who is the largest processor and distributor of milk and dairy products in the US?

A

Nestle USA

195
Q

Where is the World Dairy Expo held?

A

Madison, Wisconsin

196
Q

Where is the All-American Dairy Show held?

A

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

197
Q

Where did the Ayrshire originate?

A

Scotland

198
Q

Where did the Brown Swiss originate?

A

Switzerland

199
Q

Where did the Guernsey originate?

A

Isle of Guernsey

200
Q

The milk of which breed is known for it’s golden color?

A

Guernsey

201
Q

Where did the Holstein originate?

A

Netherlands/Holland and Germany

202
Q

Which breed makes up about 90% of the US dairy cow population?

A

Holstein

203
Q

On average, which breed produces the most milk per cow?

A

Holstein

204
Q

What are the three colors found in registered Holstein cattle?

A

Black, red and white

Dairy Bowl 2021 (3 decks)

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