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Dairy Bowl 2021 > Intermediates-2021 > Flashcards

Intermediates-2021 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of milking parlor has the cows stationed at an angle to the milking alley?

A

Herringbone parlor

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2
Q

What is protection an animal receives when its immune system is working and manufacturing its own antibodies?

A

Active immunity

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3
Q

What term describes the general shape and structure of an animal?

A

Conformation

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4
Q

What is the ability of a gene to mask or cover up the presence of another gene?

A

Dominance

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5
Q

What is another term for eructation?

A

Belching

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6
Q

What occurs in crossbreeding when the offspring performs above the average of both parents?

A

Heterosis, hybrid vigor

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7
Q

What is production of offspring from parents more closely related than the average of a population?

A

Inbreeding

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8
Q

What is administration of medicine by injecting it into a blood vein?

A

Intravenous injection

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9
Q

What is administration of medicine by directly infusing it into the udder?

A

Intramammary injection

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10
Q

What term describes protection that a calf receives from antibodies transferred from the mother to the calf in colostrum?

A

Passive immunity

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11
Q

What are drugs that can only be used under the direction of a veterinarian?

A

Prescription drugs

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12
Q

Where is sperm deposited during artificial insemination?

A

Uterus, Uterine body

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13
Q

What part of the female reproductive tract produces the eggs in small blister-like structures called follicles?

A

Ovaries

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14
Q

Where is the site of sperm production?

A

Testes, Testicles

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15
Q

What is another term for calving difficulty?

A

Dystocia

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16
Q

What feedstuff is a by-product from making beef from grains?

A

Brewers Grain

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17
Q

What feedstuff is a by-product from making alcohol for liquor or fuel?

A

Distillers Grain

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18
Q

What feedstuff is a by-product from removing starch, oil and germ from corn?

A

Corn Gluten Meal

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19
Q

What type of milking parlor has the cows situate next to each other at a 90 degree angle to the milker?

A

Parallel parlor

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20
Q

What temperature is milk when it first leaves a cow’s udder?

A

101.5 degrees F

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21
Q

What is the minimum percent milkfat in whole milk?

A

3.25%

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22
Q

What temperature should milk and other dairy products in the refrigerator be stored below?

A

40 degrees F

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23
Q

What is a distinct portion of a cell’s DNA that determines a portion of an animals’ appearance, performance, behavior and other characteristics?

A

Gene

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24
Q

What is the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent function?

A

Cell

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25
Q

What is the part of the cell that contains an organism’s DNA?

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

What is a simple way to predict the possible genetic combinations from the mating of two individuals?

A

Punnett Square

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27
Q

What washing milking equipment, most cleaning chemicals exert the most power around what temperature?

A

160 degrees F

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28
Q

How often should milking hoses be changed?

A

At least every 6 months

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29
Q

What type of milking parlor milks each cow one at a time?

A

Side Opening parlor

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30
Q

What type of parlor is where the cows are angled at about 70 degrees and the unit is attached through the hid legs?

A

Swing parlor

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31
Q

What is the ringed shaped muscle at the lower end of a cow’s teat?

A

Sphincter

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32
Q

What are extra teats called?

A

Supernumerary teats

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33
Q

What metabolic disease is an accumulation of fat within the cow’s liver?

A

Fatty Liver

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34
Q

What metabolic disease is when the fetal membranes fail to expel within 24 hours after parturition?

A

Retained placenta

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35
Q

What vitamin helps with vision and maintains epithelial cells?

A

Vitamin A

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36
Q

What is the normal pH of the rumen?

A

6.5

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37
Q

What are chemicals release that circulate the body to bring about changes that affect organs?

A

Hormones

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38
Q

What is the portion of the female estrous cycle known as heat?

A

Estrus

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39
Q

What is a combination of sperm and fluid from the accessory sex glands?

A

Semen

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40
Q

Who received the first patent for condensed milk?

A

Gail Borden

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41
Q

Where is the American Jersey Cattle Association headquarters located?

A

Reynoldsburg, Ohio

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42
Q

Where is the American Milk Shorthorn Association headquarters located?

A

Beloit, Wisconsin

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43
Q

Where is the Red & White Dairy Cattle Association headquarters located?

A

Watertown, Wisconsin

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44
Q

How much is frame worth on the PDCA Dairy Cow Unified Scorecard?

A

15

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45
Q

How much is rear feet and legs worth on the PDCA Dairy Cow Unified Scorecard?

A

20

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46
Q

What two part’s of a cow may be twisted to one side and called wry?

A

Face & Tail

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47
Q

What is the major support of the under and divides it in half when viewed from the rear?

A

Median suspensory ligament

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48
Q

What was the first state to make tampering with show cows a crime?

A

Ohio

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49
Q

What does the acronym ADG stand for?

A

Average daily gain

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50
Q

What is milk harvested from the second, third, and fourth milking after calving?

A

Transition milk

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51
Q

How can excess colostrum be stored?

A

Add preservative acid, fermented, frozen, refrigerated

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52
Q

What are the places where pathogens may gain entry into a newborn calf’s body?

A

Mouth, navel, Nose

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53
Q

What are the building blocks of true proteins?

A

Amino Acids

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54
Q

What is the total energy in a feedstuff minus the energy lost in feces?

A

Digestible energy

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55
Q

What is the portion of a feed that remains after water has been removed?

A

Dry matter

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56
Q

What are plants that are seeded each year and whose growth are completed in one crop year?

A

Annuals

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57
Q

How many quarts of saliva do dairy cows produce in a day?

A

50-80 quarts

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58
Q

What are plants that have a life cycle of more than two years?

A

Perennials

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59
Q

What are the four compartments of a ruminant’s stomach?

A

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum

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60
Q

Which stomach compartment is located closest to the heart?

A

Reticulum

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61
Q

What are the gases produced in the rumen?

A

Carbon dioxide, Methane

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62
Q

What types of organisms live and digest feed in the rumen?

A

Bacteria, Fungi & Protozoa

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63
Q

What is the primary acid found in the abomasum?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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64
Q

What are the two main functions of the large intestine?

A

Water absorption, Storage of waste materials

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65
Q

What is most likely to be the limiting nutritional requirement for high producing dairy cows?

A

Energy

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66
Q

What is the unit of measure of energy in a feed?

A

Calorie

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67
Q

What are the main products of carbohydrate digestion by rumen microorganisms?

A

Volatile Fatty Acids

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68
Q

What are the most limiting amino acids in dairy cattle nutrition?

A

Lysine, Methionine

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69
Q

Vitamin A, D, E and K are what type of vitamins?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins

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70
Q

Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C are what type of vitamins?

A

Water-soluble vitamins

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71
Q

What vitamin plays a role in the coagulation of blood?

A

Vitamin K

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72
Q

What are Limestone, Sodium bentonite, Magnesium oxide and Sodium bicarbonate used in dairy cattle rations?

A

Buffers

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73
Q

What is the most common reason that farm owners adopt grazing?

A

Cost reduction

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74
Q

What is a system for sanitizing teat cup liners between cow milkings?

A

Backflushing

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75
Q

What is the capability to clean and disinfect the milk-contact components of a milking system by circulating appropriate solutions through them without disassembly?

A

CIP, Clean in Place

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76
Q

What are spherical clusters of secretory cells in the mammary gland that are arranged in grape-like structures?

A

Alveoli

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77
Q

What is the cyclic opening and closing of a teat cup liner?

A

Pulsation

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78
Q

What is milk remaining in the mammary gland following completion of milking?

A

Residual milk

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79
Q

What is milk-mineral deposits on milk handling equipment?

A

Milk stone

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80
Q

What is a chemical solution used to kill bacteria on product contact surfaces?

A

Sanitizer

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81
Q

What is the only part of the milking system that touches the cow?

A

Teat cup liner, Inflation

82
Q

How often should the teat cup liners be replaced?

A

Every 1,000-1,200 cow milkings

83
Q

What is the first line of defense against mastitis infection?

A

Teat canal

84
Q

What is the second natural line of defense against a mastitis infection?

A

Leukocytes

85
Q

What is the legal limit for somatic cell counts in raw milk in the United States?

A

750,000 cells/ml

86
Q

What is the legal limit for somatic cell counts in raw milk in the European Community?

A

400,000 cells/ml

87
Q

What are high numbers of somatic cells in milk a general indicators of?

A

Mastitis

88
Q

Step ag, Staph aureus and Mycoplasma are examples of which kind of mastitis pathogen?

A

Contagious

89
Q

E. coli, Enterbactor, Klebsiella, Strep uberis and Strep dysgalactiae are examples of which kind of mastitis pathogen?

A

Environmental

90
Q

What is the legal limit for bacteria counts in raw milk in the US?

A

100,000 cfu/ml

91
Q

What is the process that removes solid impurities from milk prior to pasteurization?

A

Clarification

92
Q

What instrument is used to test the freezing point of milk to determine if water has been added?

A

Cyroscope

93
Q

What is the process by which vitamins are added to milk?

A

Fortification

94
Q

What is a condition when a person cannot break down milk sugar?

A

Lactose intolerance

95
Q

What are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria?

A

Cultured dairy products

96
Q

What is the test used to determine if raw milk has mixed with pasteurized milk?

A

Phosphatase test

97
Q

What is the test that measures bacterial content of raw milk to monitor milk quality?

A

Standard plate count

98
Q

Milk is what percentage digestible?

A

96-98%

99
Q

Milk should be kept under what temperate to maintained the best quality?

A

Below 40 degrees F

100
Q

How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make a pound of butter?

A

21.2 pounds

101
Q

How many calories are in low-fat milk?

A

100

102
Q

How many calories are in reduced fat milk?

A

120

103
Q

Butter must contain a minimum of what percent fat?

A

80%

104
Q

Cream must contain a minimum of what percent fat?

A

18%

105
Q

How many grams of fat are in fat free milk?

A

0

106
Q

How many pounds of milk does it take to make one pound of authentic Greek yogurt?

A

4 pounds

107
Q

What class of dairy products are beverage milks?

A

Class I

108
Q

What class of dairy products are fluid cream products, yogurt, and manufactured products?

A

Class II

109
Q

What class of dairy products are cream cheese and hard manufactured cheese?

A

Class III

110
Q

What class of dairy products are butter and milk in dried form?

A

Class IV

111
Q

What is a dairy farmer-funded self-help program to address supply and demand imbalances that can depress milk prices?

A

Cooperatives Working Together (CWT)

112
Q

Who regulates the standards for any farm or operation that wants to sell an agricultural product as organically produced?

A

USDA

113
Q

How much does a bushel of corn weigh?

A

56 pounds

114
Q

How much does a bushel of soybeans weigh?

A

60 pounds

115
Q

A kilogram is equal to how many pounds?

A

2.2. pounds

116
Q

What is the standard length of a DHIA record?

A

305 days

117
Q

How often does the US Congress pass a bundle of legislation called the Farm Bill?

A

Every 5 years

118
Q

Who is a person who believes that an animals life has the same value as a human life and has the goal of eliminating all systems that involve the use of animals by humans?

A

Animal rights activist

119
Q

What is a condition in which animals experience good health, are able to effectively cope with their environment and are able to express a diversity of species typical behaviors?

A

Animal well being

120
Q

What is the country that buys the most dairy products from the United States?

A

Mexico

121
Q

What is the country that sells the most dairy products to the United States?

A

Canada

122
Q

What is a premature expulsion of a fetus?

A

Abortion

123
Q

What is the period of time from one calving to the next calving?

A

Calving interval

124
Q

What is the percent of breedings that result in a pregnancy?

A

Conception rate

125
Q

What is the condition when one or both testes fail to descend from the abdomen into the scotum?

A

Cryptorchidism

126
Q

When are most embryo transfers conducted?

A

Day 7 or 8 after breeding

127
Q

What is the process of joining an ovum and a sperm?

A

Fertilization

128
Q

Where does fertilization take place?

A

Oviduct

129
Q

What is the process that involves treating a cow with FSH to increase the number of ova produced?

A

Superovulation

130
Q

What is an animal called the received a fertilized ovum from a donor?

A

Recipient

131
Q

What percent of the ova in a mature cow’s ovaries are present at birth?

A

100%

132
Q

What are the two main functions of the ovary?

A

Produce ova, Secrete hormones

133
Q

What hormone controls the secretion of pituitary hormones?

A

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

134
Q

What hormone is produced by the follicle and is necessary for behavioral estrus and peaks at the onset of standing estrus?

A

Estrogen

135
Q

What temperature should you thaw frozen semen?

A

90-95 degrees F

136
Q

How many hours after the onset of standing heat should a cow be artificially inseminated?

A

5-15 hours

137
Q

What is the main function of the testes?

A

Produce sperm, Produce the male sex hormones

138
Q

What hormones is responsible for the male sex drive?

A

Testosterone

139
Q

What does the acronym DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

140
Q

What does the acronym BAA stand for?

A

Breed Age Average

141
Q

What does the acronym GMO stand for?

A

Genetically Modified Organism

142
Q

What does the acronym PTA stand for?

A

Predicted Transmitting Ability

143
Q

What is a threadlike linear strand of DNA that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information?

A

Chromosome

144
Q

On an NAAB code for a sire if you see the letters 7JE1038, what does JE stand for?

A

Jersey Breed

145
Q

On an NAAB code for a sire if you see the letters 7JE1038, what does the 7 stand for?

A

Stud, Select Sires

146
Q

On an NAAB code for a sire if you see the letters 7JE1038, what does the 7 stand for?

A

Individual bull identification number

147
Q

What is the genetic make-up of an individual?

A

Genotype

148
Q

What is the total genetic content of an organism?

A

Genome

149
Q

What is the observed trait of an individual resulting from the effects of the genotype, the environment and their interaction?

A

Phenotype

150
Q

What is the indicator of the accuracy of genetic evaluations?

A

Reliability

151
Q

What is the measure of the percent of phenotypic differences between animals for a single trait that can be transmitted to an offspring?

A

Heritability

152
Q

What is the current genetic method used for evaluating bulls and cows?

A

Animal Model

153
Q

What calving ease score would be given for an extremely difficult birth?

A

5

154
Q

What is an animal that is infected with a disease but has no clinical symptoms?

A

Carrier

155
Q

What are poisons produced by microorganisms that kill cells?

A

Toxins

156
Q

What are proteins synthesized by organs of the cow’s immune system that aid in the elimination of foreign substances?

A

Immunoglobins

157
Q

What instrument is used to puncture the rumen in cases of bloat?

A

Trocar

158
Q

What connects one bone to another bone?

A

Ligament

159
Q

What connects a muscle to a bone?

A

Tendon

160
Q

What is known as the powerhouse of cell?

A

Mitochondrion

161
Q

A displaced abomasum, ketosis, milk fever and retained placenta are all classified as what kind of diseases?

A

Metabolic

162
Q

What is a metabolic disorder that often occurs when a dairy cow eats too much grain?

A

Acidosis

163
Q

The milk ring test is used to identify what disease in cattle?

A

Brucellosis

164
Q

Which side do most displaced abomasum occur?

A

Left

165
Q

What metabolic disorder is associate with a magnesium deficiency?

A

Grass tetany

166
Q

What is the ideal environmental temperature range for dairy cattle?

A

25 to 65 degrees F

167
Q

What disease is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium paratuberculosis?

A

Johne’s Disease

168
Q

What is a condition when there is an accumulation of ketones in the body?

A

Ketosis

169
Q

What is a fatal brain disease of cattle caused by a prion which affects the brain and spinal cord?

A

Mad Cow Disease, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

170
Q

What disease is caused by a deficiency of blood calcium?

A

Milk Fever

171
Q

What type of fly is associated with grubs or warbles?

A

Heel fly

172
Q

What type of fly spreads pinkeye?

A

Face Fly

173
Q

What class of chemicals are used to kill internal parasites?

A

Anthelminthic

174
Q

What is used to control ringworm?

A

Tincture of Iodine

175
Q

What is a condition that exists when an excessive amount of lymph accumulates between the skin and secretory tissue of the udder?

A

Udder edema

176
Q

What disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin E and/or selenium?

A

White muscle disease

177
Q

What is a respiratory disease the cattle often develop after being transported by truck or rail?

A

Shipping fever

178
Q

What causes coccidia and Cryptosporidium?

A

Protozoa

179
Q

What is the ideal location for most intravenous injections?

A

Jugular vein

180
Q

Who developed the butterfat test that was the basis for DHIA testing?

A

SM Babcock

181
Q

Who invented the centrifugal cream separator?

A

Dr. Gustaw Delaval

182
Q

What does the acronym CAFO stand for?

A

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

183
Q

What does the acronym IPM stand for?

A

Integrated Pest Management

184
Q

What is water in the soil?

A

Ground water

185
Q

What is water in any exposed body of water including streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and oceans?

A

Surface water

186
Q

What are areas of grassland installed between cropland or feedlots and waterways to take up nutrients and prevent nutrients form running off into water?

A

Buffer strips

187
Q

How much does an animal unit weigh?

A

1,000 pounds

188
Q

If you see 15-10-5 on a fertilizer label what does the 15 represent?

A

Nitrogen

189
Q

If you see 15-10-5 on a fertilizer label what does the 10 represent?

A

Phosphorus

190
Q

If you see 15-10-5 on a fertilizer label what does the 5 represent?

A

Potassium, Potash

191
Q

What method of disposing of dead calves and cows requires air, moisture, nutrients and carbon?

A

Composting

192
Q

What is the top dairy company in the world based on dairy sales?

A

Nestle of Switzerland

193
Q

What is the international organization of educators, scientist and industry representatives who are committed to advancing the dairy industry?

A

American Dairy Science Association

194
Q

Where is the National Dairy Shrine Museum located?

A

Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

195
Q

Where is the National 4-H Dairy Conference held?

A

Madison, Wisconsin

196
Q

Where is the North American International Livestock Exposition held?

A

Louisville, Kentucky

197
Q

Where is the US Ayrshire Breeders Association headquarters located?

A

Columbus, Ohio

198
Q

Where is the Brown Swiss Cattle Breeders Association headquarters located?

A

Beloit, Wisconsin

199
Q

Where is the American Guernsey Association headquarters located?

A

Columbus, Ohio

200
Q

Where is the Holstein Association USA, Inc. headquarters located?

A

Brattleboro, Vermont

Dairy Bowl 2021 (3 decks)

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