Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Uworld > June 4th Exam > Flashcards

June 4th Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Migraine TX

  1. Acute pain
  2. Prevent further attacks
A
  1. Triptans (Sumatriptan) , NSAIDs, Antiemetic (Metoclopramide, Prochlorperazine, both —I D2), Ergotamine = vasoconstrictor
  2. BB, Topiramate / Valproate (anticonvulsant) , Anti-depressants (TCA = Amitriptyline, Venlafaxine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aplastic Crisis in Sickle Cell Anemia is due to what usually and classify this

A

Parvovirus (ssDNA nonenveloped)

= anemia with low retic count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. Enveloped dsDNA virus
  2. Nonenveloped dsDNA virus
  3. Enveloped negative sense ssRNA
  4. Enveloped positive sense ssRNA
  5. Nonenveloped positive sense RNA
  6. Nonenveloped ssDNA
  7. SsRNA
A
  1. EBV, CMV = aplastic anemia
  2. Adenovirus, HPV, Polymaviruses
  3. Flu, paramyxovirus (measles, mumps) , rabies
  4. HepC = can cause aplastic anemia
  5. HepE = aplastic anemia
  6. Parvovirus B19 = Aplastic Crisis in SCA (only RBC involved)
  7. COxsackie
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Exercise effects on BP,HR, CO

A

Exercise increases HR and CO, and DECREASE in overal Systemic Vascualr REsistance (due to vasodilation in muscles, )
There is vasoconstriction (peripherally + systemic systolic BP) in areas not needing as much blood only overall there is vasodilation / systemic vascular resistance (from local adenosine, K+, ATP, CO2, Lactate)
==== LOW resistance in total systemic vascular resistance + pulmonary resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infection + reasons

  1. MAC Complex def :
  2. NADPH deficiency
A
  1. Neisseria +S. Pneumonia = polysaccharide capsule (alternative pathway since IgG/IgM cant bind)
  2. No ROS in N, (no NADPH oxidase = chronic granuolomatous inf, (pneumonia + CATALASE + (staph, Burkhol, Serrita, Salmonella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If mother is not aa only marries man that is aa and has family sister with aa (AR disorder) what is the probability of child being aa

A

Mom can either be AA or Aa since she does not have disease (she needs Aa to transmit to baby = 2/3 chance) + then baby has 1/2 chance = 1/3 chance of baby havin git

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NCC pneumonic

A

SOME SALT

  1. Schwann cells
  2. Odondoblasts
  3. Melanocytes
  4. Enterochromaffin cells
  5. Spinal membrane pia and arachnoid
  6. Adrenal MEDUALLA
  7. Laryngeal cartilage
  8. Treachial Cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Ribosome attaches to RER how

2. SER is for what

A
  1. Translocon binding to 60S

2. Lipid synthesis, carb metabolism, detoxification, steroid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. Flu vaccine works how + inactive virus vaccine
  2. Live attenuated viral vaccine works how
  3. Oseltamivir MOA
A
  1. Ab neutralizing the Hemagglutinin = no viral entry to cells
  2. Replicates in nasopharyngeal cells (if spray) and MHC1 cause CD8+ to bind
  3. Inhibits Neuraminidase = prevents viral release from infected cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What pathogen :

  1. . caves , birds, bats
  2. Pigeon bird
A
  1. Histoplasma (grows ovoid/round yeast in macrophages) pneumonia sx
  2. Cryptococcus neoformans = meningioenephalitis (budding yeast with thick polysaccharide capsule)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. Right sided redness edema of face neck upper abd

2. Bilateral Redness and edema of face neck upper abd

A
  1. brachiocephalic Vein compression

2. SVC compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aspiration to upper middle lower lung

A
  1. Upper/ Posterior + superior segment of Lower lobe (supine)
  2. Middle (prone on tummy)
  3. Standing (Basilar segment lower lobe )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nerve involved in :

  1. Hyperacusion ( increased sensitivity to sound in ear)
  2. Dampened sounds
A
  1. CN7 (stapedius N) = avoid public and loud areas

2. CN5 branch 3 Mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx prolactinoma

A

Dopamine agonist (Cabergoline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pellagra :

  1. SX
  2. Cause
  3. Who
  4. Enzymes that dont work
A
  1. Photosensitive dermatitis ( dark hyperpigmentation on shoulder upper chest) + Diarrhea, + Dementia
  2. VIT B3 Niacin deficiency = no NAD and no NADP
  3. alcoholics and malnourished
  4. Malate dehydrogenase + Isocitrate Dehydrogenase + a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex + Pyruvat dehydrogenase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Succinate dehydrogenase needs what to function

2. Succinate thiokinase. (Succinyl-CoA synthase) needs what to function

A
  1. FAD

2. GDP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which things cause Rhabdomyolysis + Urine shows

A
  1. Crush injury
  2. DRUGS : statins,
  3. Seizures

Renal injury = blood + only no RBCs on microscopy (Myoglobin present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acute intersititial nephritis

A

After ABs (WBCs in urine) = fever Eosinophilia rash = inflammation in tubular interstitium

19
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria does what to kidney

A

Injur due to hemoglobin release

20
Q

LAD proximal section vs LAD distal section

A 
Proximal = septum and ant LV
Distal = only ant LV
21
Q

Lateral wall of heart supplied by

A

Left circumflex

22
Q

Systolic BP decrease> 10mmHg with inspiration when + Korotkoff sounds during BP listening during expiration

A
  1. Cardiac tamponade , restrictive pericarditis
  2. Asthma /COPD

= due to RV enlargement

23
Q 
Heparin function (PT or PTT) 
Warfarin function (PT or PTT)
A 
Heparin = PTT
Warfarin = PT
24
Q

How do Bronchodilators work

A

Increase cAMP in smooth muscles = dilates bronchioles

25
Q

NFkB and IkB are found where

A

When attached (cytoskeleton) when IkB kinase ubiquinizes the IkB and makes NFkB active it goes into nucleus to transcribe cell proliferation and inflammation

26
Q

Furosemide works on what channel and what drug should patients on loop diuretic avoid

A

Na/K/2Cl
= ascending limb of LOH (Na, Cl, fluid excretion)
= PGE release —> renal flow and increased GFR

(Avoid NSAIDS that block PGE and decrease GFR)

27
Q

HEP A inflammatory cells involved and histo

A
  1. CD8+

2. Mononuclear periportal infiltrate, for necrosis, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes

28
Q

A1-antitrypsin deficiency abuses what histo

A

Accumulation of misfiled AAT proteins

29
Q

Alcohol liver histo

A

Mallory Denk Bodies, N infiltration

AST/ALT > 2:1

30
Q

Histology seen in

  1. Autoimmune hepatitis
  2. Chronic hepatic injury
A
  1. Periportal lymphoplasmacytic inflammation

2. Transformation of hepatic Stellate cells into myofibroblasts = fibrosis and cirrhosis

31
Q

Coxiella Burnetii
1. SX and name of this
Labs
Who

A
  1. SOB, retroorbital HA, lobe consolidation pneumonia = Q fever
  2. Thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes
  3. Animals livestock, farmers
32
Q

Collagen is made from what mostly and then 2 other components

A

3 amino acid repeats were GLYCINE is every 3rd amino acid

  1. Proline (a helix formation , kink in polypeptide chain)
  2. Hydroxylysine (cross linking + strength)
33
Q

RESISTANCE TO THIS CAN HAPPEN BY :

  1. PNC
  2. Vanco
  3. Quinolones
  4. Aminoglycosides
  5. Tetracyclines
  6. Rifamycin
A
  1. PNC : B-lactamase making, mutated PBP, mutated Porin protein
  2. Vanco : d-alanine d-alanine binding (prevent peptidoglycan walls)——> D-lactate D-alanine , efflux pump
  3. Quinolones : mutated DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase 4 genes , efflux pump makers
  4. Aminoglycosides : methylation of a RIBOSOME SUBUNIT = can’t interfere with protein synthesis
  5. Tetracyclines : inactive enzyme
  6. Rifamycin : mutates RNA Polymerase
34
Q
  1. Myasthenia Gravis affects what locations + cells involved + what happens
  2. Lambert Eaton syndrome : what locations and special signs, what happens
A
  1. Autoimmune T-cells + Auto-AB attack on ACH receptors = they get internalized and destroyed = less Ach Rs , eye, face, neck/shoulder, lungs
  2. Auto-ABs against Ca channels = NO ACH release into presynaptic cleft (seen in small cell carcinoma) ( clue : dry mouth, erectile dysfunction)
35
Q
  1. Botulinum toxin does what

2. Organophosphate do what

A
  1. Blocks ACH release , facial weakness, pros is, symmetric descending weakness, resp probs, progressively worsen
    2 . X AchEsterase= HIGH ACH
36
Q
    1. Afib medications do what and which meds are used

3. Digoxin works how

A
  1. Keep HR the same and rest and at exercise
  2. BB**, CCB (Verapamil, Diltiazem)
  3. DIgoxin : slows AV node by increased PARASYMPATHETIC tone (only effective at rest)
37
Q
  1. Isoproterenol
  2. Esmolol
  3. Clonidine
  4. Adenosine
  5. NE, Epi, Phenylephrine
  6. DA, Dobutamine, Epi, isoproterenol \
  7. Isoproterenol,Terbutaline
A
  1. B1 + B2 AGONIST (increase HR + vasodilate/bronchodilator)
  2. B1 antagonist (low HR)
  3. Clonidine ( a2 AGONIST) = low HR, BP
  4. .Vasodilate (A1 Antagonist)
  5. High HR, high BP
  6. B1 agonist
  7. B2 agonist
38
Q

B1 selective BB

A

MANBABE

  1. Metoprolol
  2. Atenolol
  3. Nebivolol
  4. Bisoprolol
  5. Acebutolol
  6. Betaxolol
  7. Esmololl

(Nadolol, Propanolol, timolol, penbutolol, sotalol, pindolol) = nonselective

39
Q

Septic arthritis TX and sx vs gout

A
  1. Younger, ABs, high WBCs and

2. Older, alcohol, crystals, Cochicine tx

40
Q

Calcium kidney stones is normally due to what

A

HIGH CA excretion and normal serum CA levels (due to PTH and vitD regulation)

41
Q

Vascualr Dementia SX and what happens and areas is effect s

A
  1. Fast cognitive decline (executive function -planning organizing, localized neuro - asymmetrical* reflex and muscle weakness , gait probs)
  2. Small A Aherosclerosis (SUBCORTICAL AREAS )

(Large A = stroke happens in cortical cerebral Cortex)

42
Q
  1. Brain effect of rotation or acceleration decelerations trauma
  2. Brain effect on Wernickes encephalopathy(alcohol use)
  3. AD effects what area of brain
A
  1. Shearing of long white matter tracks (diffuse atonal injury)
  2. Neuronal loss of hypothalamic mamillary bodies (B1 def) nystagmus, ataxia confusion
  3. ACH neurons degenerate in basal forebrain
43
Q

Long QT is acquired by what meds

A
  1. Methadone , TCA, anti-psychotics
  2. CLASS 1a + CLASS 3
  3. AZOLES + Antiemetics
    4 MACROLIDES + Floroquinolones

ABCD : (Antiemetics + antipsychotics + AZOLES + Antibiotics -floroquinolones/macrolides-, behavior antidepressant TCA, Class 1a/3, methaDone)

44
Q

Gynecomstia is caused from

A

High Estrogen production (5a-reductase inh.-BPH tx- , steroids, ketoconazole)
OR inhibiton of testosterone R (Cimetidine, Spironolactone, Antiandrogens)

Uworld (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions