June 3rd Exam

Question 1

DNA exonuclease direction and what that means

Answer 1

DNA Exonuclease :

1. 3’—> 5’ = proofread
2. 5’ —> 3’ = remove RNA primers (on separated strands) to Ligate them

DNA polymerase = always 5’—> 3’

Question 2

1. Dorsal Column
2. Lateral Corticospinal tract
3. Spinothalamic Tract
4. If all 3 are lost then what

Answer 2

1. Dorsal Column = vibration , proprioception, light touch (SAME SIDE)
2. Lateral Corticospinal tract = upper motor (SAME SIDE)
3. Spinothalamic Tract = pain +temperature -lateral, crude touch -anterior (OPPOSITE SIDE)
4. Hemisection of spinal cord = Brown Sequard Syndrome

Question 3

Anterior Horn

Answer 3

Lower motor

Question 4

1. Complete transaction of spinal cord
2. Dorsal Sensory Root
3. Dorsal Coulmns
4. Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

Answer 4

1. Complete transaction of spinal cord = bilateral loss of sensation + motor below lesion
2. Dorsal Sensory Root = sensation + reflex
3. Dorsal Coulmns = sensation tight touch, vibration, proprioception
4. Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus = X horizontal eye movement + ADDuction (same eye) + ABDucion nystagmus (opposite eye) —> Internuclear ophthalmoplegia in MS

Question 5

Meckel Divrticulum from what embryologic thing and location

Answer 5

Vitelline duct attached to ileus (diverticulum in Ileus attached to fibrous band to umbilicus)
= accidentally found usually

(If persistent Vitelline duct gastric contents out form umbilicus)

Question 6

Patent Urachus

Answer 6

Allantois does not obliterate = urine drainage from umbilicus (Ureachal cyst)

Question 7

Skin injection test for TB or Candida reaction is from what cells

Answer 7

T-cells (Delayed Type 4 Hypersensitivity)

Candida injection - to test adequate cellular immunity function

Question 8

Posterior Hypothalamus role

Answer 8

Temperature regulation

Question 9

Sideroblastic Anemia caused by what

Answer 9

1. VIT B6 — XPyridoxine phosphorylase—> PLP (ALA Synthase cofactor)
2. xPLP + Succinyl CoA/Glycine ——xALA synthase——> ALA which is needed for HEME synthase

TB Isonizide = lowers vitB6 which is needed to make PLP to allow ALA synthase to work**

Question 10

Sideroblaastic Anemia from lead happens how

Answer 10

Block ALA Dehydrogenase (ALA = delta-Aminolevulinic Acid)

Question 11

Cystathionine synthase deficiency causes what and what does this enzyme need

Answer 11

Homocysteine —x—> Cystathionine = HIGH Homocysteine = Marfan like SX + high thromboembolic events causing eventual death
AR
(This enzyme needs VIT B6)

Question 12

1. G6PD

2. Pyruvate Kinase Def

Answer 12

1. Hemolytic Anemia due to weak RBCs (fave beans, infections, medications malaria)
2. AR hemolytic anemia

Question 13

Cerebral Palsy causes spasticity due to what and what can you do to tX this

Answer 13

LOSS of Descending inhibitory control from upper motor Ns = hyper reflexes even with small stretch or stimuli (carried to spinal cord by dorsal nerve )

TX : Cut dorsal roots to decrease muscle tone and spasticity

Question 14

1. Southern Blotting
2. Northern Blotting
3. Western Blotting

Answer 14

1. DNA mutation (fragment dna and separate by size , identify target gene and see if mutated one is there)
2. Analyze RNA (mRNA)
3. Target proteins separated and ABs added to attach to interested segments , HIV use to detect protiens p24, p41, p120 (ELISA testing

Question 15

Multiple Myeloma:

1. Labs and reason for this

Answer 15

Anemia due to Monoclonal gamma globulin spike + Bone Pain + HYPERCALCEMIA
= tumor in BM breaks down and releases CA+
= low PTH + renal excretion of CA high = renal insufficiency
= Eventually leading to low VIT D active form

Question 16

1. Trapezius
2. Deltoid
3. Lavatory Scapulae
4. Serratus Anterior
5. Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 16

1. ABD shoulder and upward shoulder stabilization (Damage you can abd about 100 degrees , CN11)
2. Axillary N, abduction arm 30-100 degrees
3. C3/4/5. Elevate and ADD scapular
4. just arm elevation over head
5. ADD and extend arm

Question 17

1. HEPB encoded how
2. HIV
3. CMV/EBV

Answer 17

1. Has dsDNA + RNA-dependent DNA polymerase = Reverse Transcriptase into mRNA —> ssDNA
2. Gp120/gp41 + 2 ssRNA ——> dsDNA reverse transcriptase
3. Lipoprotein + dsDNA linear

(Parvovirus = ssDNA, Coxsackie = ssRNA)

Question 18

Pre systolic murmur disappearing with Afib

Answer 18

Mitral or TR stenosis

Question 19

Reason for Morphine toxicity 2

Answer 19

1. Low hepatic metabolism (cirrhosis or liver disease)

2. High metabolite accumulation (Renal failure not excreting them)

Question 20

Nisseria Meningitis causes

Answer 20

Adrenal hemorrhage, DIC

Question 21

1. Acute Intermittent Porphyria caused by what

2. Lead posing leads to

Answer 21

1. X Porphobilinogen Deaminase = build up toxic heme pathway intermediates = random ABD pain attacks, automatic neuropathy
2. BLOCK delta - ALA dehydrogenase + Ferrochelatase = basophilic stippling

Question 22

Coccidioides Immitis SX and histology looks like

Answer 22

Flu like sx, acute pneumonia at times

= endospores

Question 23

Bells palsy from what infection

Answer 23

HSV

Question 24

Schistosomiasis go where and are infecting humans how

+ GU sx is can have

Answer 24

1. Into liver and then spreads eggs to GU/GI, spleen
2. Freshwater snails in pons lakes rivers (penetrate through dermis)
3. Painless blood AT END OF PEE

Question 25

What can decrease thyroid levels even when on Levothyroxine

Answer 25

1. Child growing , need more

2. Low absorption from GI due to (Fe , soy, Ca+2, antiacids medication)

Question 26

Steroid enhancing drugs effect on estrogen, endogenous testosterone, LH, spermatogenesis

Answer 26

Higher estrogen ,LOW testosterone endogenous production, low LH/FSH/GnRH + spermatogenesis