July Flashcards
Apophenia
The tendency to see patterns and meaning when there is none.
The tendency to see patterns and meaning when there is none.
Apophenia
The fallacy of gray
That just because something is not 100% proved or disproved there is no difference between being more or less proved or disproved.
The earth is not flat, nor is it round, but if you think the person who thinks it is flat is as wrong as the person who thinks it is round then you are more wrong than both put together (Asimov the relativity of wrong)
The affect heuristic
Tend to package all arguments about a new or unknown thing into a single good or bad feeling
Correspondence bias
The correspondence bias is the tendency to draw inferences about a person’s unique and enduring dispositions from behaviors that can be entirely explained by the situations in which they occur. —Gilbert and Malone
the tendency to draw inferences about a person’s unique and enduring dispositions from behaviors that can be entirely explained by the situations in which they occur. —Gilbert and Malone
Correspondence bias
Thomas Gilovich
Motivated skepticism
Motivated credulism
Motivated skepticism
Thomas Gilovich
Asks whether the evidence compels them to believe.
Motivated credulism
Thomas Gilovich
Asks whether the evidence allows them to believe
Cognitive Contamination
Anchoring and priming
Daniel Gilbert hypothesis cognitive busy-ness…
Cognitive busy-ness makes you more credulous. You believe everything you read and hear.
Moore’s paradox
apparent absurdity involved in asserting a first-person present-tense sentence such as, “It’s raining, but I don’t believe that it is raining” or “It’s raining but I believe that it is not raining.”
apparent absurdity involved in asserting a first-person present-tense sentence such as, “It’s raining, but I don’t believe that it is raining” or “It’s raining but I believe that it is not raining.”
Moore’s paradox
Caching
Storing the results of previous operations to avoid the need to recalculate
“It’s a good guess that the actual majority of human cognition consists of cache lookups.” Yudkowsky
Yudkowsky “cached thoughts”
Clichés and memes that come as automatic “pattern completion” responses.
“Wouldn’t be so bad if the world was exterminated”
“Love isn’t rational”
Norman maier “do not propose…”
Maier enacted an edict to enhance group problem solving: “Do not propose solutions until the problem has been discussed as thoroughly as possible without suggesting any.”
Solomon Asch main idea
Conformity
Subjects given three lines of different lengths and another which clearly matches B. But many others in the room answer C.
75% people conform at least once
33% conform over half the time
Conformity researcher
Solomon Asch
isshoukenmei
isshoukenmei—the lifelong uncompromising effort to be so incredibly rational that you rise above the level of stupid damn mistakes.
the lifelong uncompromising effort to be so incredibly rational that you rise above the level of stupid damn mistakes.
isshoukenmei
You are what you read
Jodie Jackson
Jodie Jackson
You are what you read
Martin Seligman
Learned helplessness
Dogs 1967
Bell then shock. Unavoidable.
Follow up
Same set up but shock avoidable by jumping over wall.
Unconditioned dogs jump to avoid but those that have learned helplessness do not and just sit to receive the shocks.
Learned helplessness
Martin Seligman
Dogs 1967
Bell then shock. Unavoidable.
Follow up
Same set up but shock avoidable by jumping over wall.
Unconditioned dogs jump to avoid but those that have learned helplessness do not and just sit to receive the shocks.
