July

Question 1

Apophenia

Answer 1

The tendency to see patterns and meaning when there is none.

Question 2

The tendency to see patterns and meaning when there is none.

Answer 2

Apophenia

Question 3

The fallacy of gray

Answer 3

That just because something is not 100% proved or disproved there is no difference between being more or less proved or disproved.

The earth is not flat, nor is it round, but if you think the person who thinks it is flat is as wrong as the person who thinks it is round then you are more wrong than both put together (Asimov the relativity of wrong)

Question 4

The affect heuristic

Answer 4

Tend to package all arguments about a new or unknown thing into a single good or bad feeling

Question 5

Correspondence bias

Answer 5

The correspondence bias is the tendency to draw inferences about a person’s unique and enduring dispositions from behaviors that can be entirely explained by the situations in which they occur. —Gilbert and Malone

Question 6

the tendency to draw inferences about a person’s unique and enduring dispositions from behaviors that can be entirely explained by the situations in which they occur. —Gilbert and Malone

Answer 6

Correspondence bias

Question 7

Thomas Gilovich

Answer 7

Motivated skepticism

Motivated credulism

Question 8

Motivated skepticism

Answer 8

Thomas Gilovich

Asks whether the evidence compels them to believe.

Question 9

Motivated credulism

Answer 9

Thomas Gilovich

Asks whether the evidence allows them to believe

Question 10

Cognitive Contamination

Answer 10

Anchoring and priming

Question 11

Daniel Gilbert hypothesis cognitive busy-ness…

Answer 11

Cognitive busy-ness makes you more credulous. You believe everything you read and hear.

Question 12

Moore’s paradox

Answer 12

apparent absurdity involved in asserting a first-person present-tense sentence such as, “It’s raining, but I don’t believe that it is raining” or “It’s raining but I believe that it is not raining.”

Question 13

apparent absurdity involved in asserting a first-person present-tense sentence such as, “It’s raining, but I don’t believe that it is raining” or “It’s raining but I believe that it is not raining.”

Answer 13

Moore’s paradox

Question 14

Caching

Answer 14

Storing the results of previous operations to avoid the need to recalculate

“It’s a good guess that the actual majority of human cognition consists of cache lookups.” Yudkowsky

Question 15

Yudkowsky “cached thoughts”

Answer 15

Clichés and memes that come as automatic “pattern completion” responses.

“Wouldn’t be so bad if the world was exterminated”
“Love isn’t rational”

Question 16

Norman maier “do not propose…”

Answer 16

Maier enacted an edict to enhance group problem solving: “Do not propose solutions until the problem has been discussed as thoroughly as possible without suggesting any.”

Question 17

Solomon Asch main idea

Answer 17

Conformity

Subjects given three lines of different lengths and another which clearly matches B. But many others in the room answer C.

75% people conform at least once
33% conform over half the time

Question 18

Conformity researcher

Answer 18

Solomon Asch

Question 19

isshoukenmei

Answer 19

isshoukenmei—the lifelong uncompromising effort to be so incredibly rational that you rise above the level of stupid damn mistakes.

Question 20

the lifelong uncompromising effort to be so incredibly rational that you rise above the level of stupid damn mistakes.

Answer 20

isshoukenmei

Question 21

You are what you read

Answer 21

Jodie Jackson

Question 22

Jodie Jackson

Answer 22

You are what you read

Question 23

Martin Seligman

Answer 23

Learned helplessness

Dogs 1967

Bell then shock. Unavoidable.
Follow up
Same set up but shock avoidable by jumping over wall.
Unconditioned dogs jump to avoid but those that have learned helplessness do not and just sit to receive the shocks.

Question 24

Learned helplessness

Answer 24

Martin Seligman
Dogs 1967

Bell then shock. Unavoidable.
Follow up
Same set up but shock avoidable by jumping over wall.
Unconditioned dogs jump to avoid but those that have learned helplessness do not and just sit to receive the shocks.