January Flashcards
Revise new learning in January
Franz Fanon wrote on what topic?
Postcolonial studies
Franz Fanon most famous ideas
Slave - master psychology
Violent resistance
Performance of whiteness
Frantz Fanon famous books
Black skin white masks 1952
The wretched of the earth 19617
Four kinds attachment in attachment theory
Secure
Aversive
Ambivalent
Confused
What is secure attachment?
Child looks to parent for safety and reassurance. Parent has provided appropriate support in the past sensitive to child’s mental and emotional state.
What is aversive attachment?
Child does not look to parent for support and reassurance. Parent has been cold or aggressive when child has required support in the past.
What is ambivalent attachment?
Child will look for support but be unfazed if parent is unavailable. Results from inconsistent support in the past.
What is confused attachment?
Caregiver can be abusive leading to confused attachment.
Gilles Deleuze main idea
Philosophy not aiming at truth. Creative process to generate new concepts.
How do novices learn?
Basic facts and details about subject matter and skill. Isolated building blocks.
How do experts learn?
By applying and refining their rich mental models in new instances through deliberate practice.
How do intermediate learners learn?
Lots of varied examples to apply knowledge. Cases should introduce deliberate difficulty. Minimal support combined with good feedback.
Main objections to act utilitarianism
1 wrong answers to common sense situations
2 undermining trust in society
3 too demanding
4 decision paralysis
Main objections to rule utilitarianism
1 rule worship
2 collapse into act utilitarianism
3 wrong answers in certain cases
Allicient
Appealing
Rwanda taken over by Belgium
1919
Book by Bernard Mandeville
The Fable of the Bees
Bernard Mandeville’s main idea
Private vice begets public good. The economy is built on vice. Peace and virtue would lead to the collapse of many industries. Without greed we lose investment and entrepreneurship.
Director of ex machina with new ai test named after him in which you decide whether you believe the object is conscious/intelligent even when you can see that it is artificial.
Alex Garland
Preference utilitarianism
Rather than individual happiness, seek to maximise satisfaction of preferences.
Subsumes hedonic util while accounting for values not captured by pleasure. E g resisting torture.
Welfare utilitarianism
Rather than preferences we should act in everyone’s best interests. Preferences may be misguided.
When car key won’t turn…
… jiggle steering wheel while trying to turn key.
Julian’s dissertation was about this island
Arran
Main conclusion of the marshmallow experiments
Self control/ability to delay gratification at a young age is a significant predictor of success later in life.
Self control nature or nurture?
Complex interplay of both. Significant genetic element.
Ways to improve self control and delay gratification.
Put ‘cool’ system in charge. Reduce emotional content of object of desire. Avoid access to object. Employ strategies to distract oneself.
Kant contradiction in conception
Maxim that, when universalised, logically defeats itself. Eg lying and stealing. Lying regularly would lead to a society without any trust and lying relies on trust in testimony to garner advantage. Stealing regularly would lead to a breakdown in private property and ownership thus making it impossible and pointless to steal.
Kant contradiction of the will
A Maxim that, when universalised, contradicts one’s own rational will. E.g. not helping others. If universal then others would not help you, thus hindering or preventing you from achieving your own will.
SLANT
Sit up Listen Ask and answer questions Nod Track the speaker
Avicenna main ideas
Islamic philosopher who interpreted Aristotle. Diverged by arguing for dualism using the flying argument - imagine removing all bodily sensations, you would still have the sense of self. So the self is distinct from the body.
Deluze: art, science, and philosophy are all acts of…
creation
Deluze: Philosophy is necessary for sciences because…
it creates the concepts that science uses
Deluze transcendence and immanence in the history of philosophy.
History of philosophy is full of transcendent philosophies - those that separate the world into two or more kinds of substance and order them into a hierarchy. e.g. forms and appearances, God and material world, noumena and phenomena.
Spinoza was an influential immanent philosopher who broke down the dichotomy.
Snake tempted Eve by…
… saying that knowledge of Good and Evil would not kill her but make her wise like God.
Who ended the Rwandan genocide?
The RPF Rwandan Patriotic Front
How many dead and displaced in Rwanda?
800,000 dead. 2 million Hutu displaced after RPF victory.
In which year did the Rwandan genocide take place?
1994
In psychology, what does RS stand for?
Rejection sensitivity
What was the “race to the sea” in ww1?
The process of German and Alllied forces attempting to outflank eachother on the french-german border. Eventually ended by Belgium flooding a vast area of land with saltwater which left it sterile.
Dunning-Kruger effect
Less competent people systematically overestimate their competence.
Leibniz’ analogy for innate ideas…
the veined block of marble
According to Walter Michel, the only constant in human psychology that makes up our personalities
If-then conditions. Behaviour is always context dependent even for traits and skills that one would assume consistent such as conscientiousness.
The aim of philosophy is to understand how things in the broadest possible sense of the term hang together in the broadest possible sense of the term.
Wilfrid Sellers
Auguste Comte main ideas philosophy of science
Stages of knowlege: theological (fictional) metaphysical (abstract) scientific (positive).
Positivism: phenomena will be explain by appeal to facts, the number of which will diminish as science progresses
Nelson Goodman main idea philosophy of science.
Fact constructivism. Science does not discover facts but creates them. Also Bruno Latour.
William James to be true is…
… to work effectively
Massimi on science and truth in aeon
Truth is a normative commitment in science. We should expect science to tell the truth. That’s what it ought to do.
