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Music 100 > July 4th - 8th > Flashcards

July 4th - 8th Flashcards

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1
Q

How is the sequence of musical events provided?

A

By ordering left to right and top to bottom

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2
Q

What provides information about pitch?

A

The staff and the clef

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3
Q

What provides information about the duration?

A

The notehead and stem

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4
Q

What indicates volume and volume change?

A

Dynamic markings

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5
Q

What indicates which notes receive special stress and how much?

A

The meter and accent marks

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6
Q

What are speed changes indicated by?

A

Tempo

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7
Q

What conveys the timbre?

A

The choice of instruments and or voices

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8
Q

What is indicated by graphical markings and descriptive words?

A

Articulation, attack and expression

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9
Q

What are the six fundamental elements of music?

A
  • Pitch
  • Duration
  • Timbre
  • Dynamics/loudness
  • Frequency
  • Texture
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10
Q

What does the clef indicate?

A

Which note names go on which lines

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11
Q

What does the treble clef designate?

A

The second line from the bottom as G

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12
Q

What does bass clef designate?

A

The fourth line from the bottom as F

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13
Q

What are ledger lines?

A

Small lines that extend the staff higher and lower

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14
Q

What is a grand staff?

A

A treble clef staff and bass clef staff connected with a brace

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15
Q

What is an Alto Clef?

A

A C clef centered on the third line from the bottom designating it as C

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16
Q

What is a Tenor clef?

A

A C clef centered on the fourth line from the bottom designating it as C

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17
Q

What is an Octave?

A

The distance from a note up or down to the next note with the same name. They span 8 letter names

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18
Q

Why may ledger lines occur between staves?

A

To make it clear weather the notes are in treble clef (right hand) or bass clef (left hand)

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19
Q

What is the number for middle C?

A

C4

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20
Q

What does the ottava symbol (8va) do?

A

Raises a note by one octave

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21
Q

What does the ottava bassa (8vb) symbol do?

A

Lowers a note by one octave

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22
Q

Where do ottava appear?

A

Above the staff

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23
Q

Where do ottava bass appear?

A

Below the snaff

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24
Q

What does quindicesima (15ma) do?

A

Raises a note by two octaves

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25
Q

What does quindicesima bassa (15mb) do?

A

Lowers a note two octaves

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26
Q

What is a half step?

A

The distance from one piano key to the next closest

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27
Q

What are the two natural half stapes?

A

B to C and E to F

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28
Q

Why are BC and EF the natural half steps?

A

Because they use letter names without accidentals

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29
Q

What are Enharmonic notes?

A

Different names for the same piano key

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30
Q

What does a double flat do?

A

Lowers a note by a another half step keeping the same letter name

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31
Q

What does a double sharp do?

A

Raises a sharp by another half step

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32
Q

What is a whole step?

A

Two half steps

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33
Q

What is a scale?

A

A series of notes from low to high following some pattern of whole and half steps

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34
Q

What does the chromatic scale do?

A

Lists all the notes in order from C to the next C above or below

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35
Q

In a chromatic scale, what is the difference between the ascending and descending?

A

The ascending chromatic scale uses sharps for black piano keys and the descending uses flats for black piano keys

36
Q

What are Enharmonic Keys?

A

Keys with different names that include the same pitches like Db major and C# major

37
Q

When do stems go above and below?

A

3rd line and above stems go down. Below the third line stems go up

38
Q

What is the sequence of wholes and halves in a major chord?

A

Whole Whole Half Whole Whole Whole Half

39
Q

What is the natural minor scale?

A

A minor because it uses no sharps and flats

40
Q

What are relative keys?

A

Any major scale and minor scale that share a key signature

41
Q

What is a melodic minor?

A

A natural minor with steps 6 and 7 raised going up and natural minor going down

42
Q

What is a Harmonic Minor?

A

A natural minor with step 7 raised both on the way up and on the way down

43
Q

What is the order of the scale name degrees?

A
  • Tonic
  • Supertonic
  • Mediant
  • Subdominant
  • Dominant
  • Submediant
  • Leading tone
  • Tonic
44
Q

What is the Ionian mode similar to?

A

The C major scale

45
Q

What is the Aeolian mode similar to?

A

The natural minor scale

46
Q

What is significant about the pentatonic scales?

A

They have no half steps

47
Q

What is significant about the 6-note scales?

A

The scale is built from whole steps and there are only two distinct possibilities

48
Q

What are ties used for?

A

It combines two rhythmic values of the same pitch together

49
Q

What does an augmentation do do?

A

It adds half the duration

50
Q

What does a second augmentation dot do?

A

Adds half the first dots value

51
Q

How are beats grouped?

A

Into measures or bar lines

52
Q

What does a time signature indicate?

A

How many beats there are in one measure and what rhythmic value gets the beat

53
Q

What does the top and bottom number mean in simple meter?

A

The top number is the number that gets the beat and the bottom number is the number of beats in each measure

54
Q

What are duple meters?

A

Time signatures with two beats per measure. Ex. 2/4 means 2 beats and a quarter note (the meaning of 4) gets the beat

55
Q

What are triple meters?

A

Key signature where there are 3 beats and a quarter notes (the meaning of 1/4) gets the beat. Ex. 3/4

56
Q

What is a quadruple meter?

A

When there are 4 beats in the meter and a 1/4 notes gets the beat for example 4/4

57
Q

How does each beat in simple meter divide the beat?

A

Into two equal beat subdivisions

58
Q

What does the bottom number in a simple time signature indicate?

A

The beat unit. Ex 2/2 means a half note, 4/4 means a quarter note

59
Q

What key signature is cut time?

A

2/2

60
Q

What is an anacrusis (or pickup measure)?

A

A partial measure that begins some pieces

61
Q

What is the downbeat?

A

The first beat of each measure

62
Q

What is the difference between the down beat and the last beat of each measure?

A

The downbeat is the strongest beat the last beat is the weakest beat

63
Q

Which number do Duple, Triple, and Quadruple refer to?

A

The top number

64
Q

What is the stress pattern for duple time signature?

A

Strong - Weak

65
Q

What is the stress pattern for triple meters?

A

Strong - weak - weak

66
Q

What is the stress pattern for quadruple meters?

A

Strongest - weak - Strong - weak

67
Q

What top numbers mean simple time?

A

2, 3 and 4

68
Q

What top numbers mean compound time?

A

6, 9 and 12

69
Q

What does simple time mean?

A

The beat can be divided equally into two parts

70
Q

What does compound time mean?

A

The notes can be divided into groups of 3

71
Q

What does having a 9 on top of the key signature mean?

A

compound triple time

72
Q

Which top numbers would give duple time?

A

2 and 6

73
Q

Which top numbers give triple time?

A

3 and 9

74
Q

Which top numbers give quadruple time?

A

4 and 12

75
Q

What is the beat in simple time?

A

The bottom number

76
Q

How can the beat be found in compound time?

A

By taking the bottom number and dividing by 2. ex bottom # is 16. 16/2 is 8. Means that 8th note is the beat

77
Q

What does simple mean?

A

Each beat can be divided into two notes

78
Q

What will the time signature for a simple meter always have?

A

2, 3 or 4 for the top number

79
Q

What are beats in a compound meter divided into?

A

Threes not twos like simple meter

80
Q

What is unique about the beat of compound meters?

A

They will all have some type of dotted note as the beat

81
Q

What would make a meter compound?

A

Each beat has three notes in it

82
Q

What would make a meter triple?

A

Having three beats

83
Q

What is an Odd meter?

A

A meter that contains both simple and compound beats

84
Q

How do you find the number of beats in a compound time signature?

A

Divide the top number by 3

85
Q

What is the beat in compound signatures?

A

A dotted rhythmic value one larger than the bottom number. Ex bottom number is 16 then the beat is a dotted 8th note. Number is 8 then beat is dotted quarter note

86
Q

What are asymmetric time signatures?

A

A mixture of two and three beat divisions

87
Q

For asymmetric time signatures what do the top and bottom numbers indicate?

A

The bottom number indicates the division ( ie 8 would mean 8th note) and the top number indicates the division notes per measure (ie how many notes per measure, so 5 would mean 5)

Music 100 (9 decks)

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