Judging and perceiving other

Question 1

Person perception

Answer 1

The different mental processes used to understand and form impressions of other people

Question 2

Person perception: Indirect

Answer 2

Hearing about the person we are judging from another source

Question 2

Person perception: Direct

Answer 2

Information provided from the person you are judging

Question 3

Attributions

Answer 3

evaluation made about the causes of behaviour and process of making the evaluation

Question 4

Attributions: Internal

Answer 4

when we judge someones behaviour as being caused by something personal with in an individual

Question 5

Attributions: External

Answer 5

When we determine the causes of behaviour as resulting from situational factors, occurring outside individual

Question 6

Attitudes

Question 7

Attitudes: Affective

Answer 7

Our emotions and intuitive feelings

Question 8

Attitudes: Behavioural

Answer 8

Our outward and observable actions that reflect our perspective of smt

Question 9

Attitudes: Cognitive

Answer 9

Involves our thoughts and beliefs towards smt

Question 10

Stereotyping

Answer 10

Widely held beliefs and generalisations that all members of a group will share the same characteristics despite individuality

Question 11

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 11

Psychological tension that occurs when our thoughts, feelings and behaviours don’t allign
- Act in a way that contradicts out beliefs

Question 12

Cognitive biases

Answer 12

Unconscious systematic tendencies to interpret information that is neither rational nor based in objective reality

Question 13

Cognitive biases: Confirmation bias

Answer 13

Tendancy to search for and accept information that supports prior beliefs and ignore condradictory information

Question 14

Cognitive biases:
Halo effect

Answer 14

Tendency for impression of one quality of individual to influence overall beliefs

Question 15

Cognitive biases:
False consensus bias

Answer 15

Tendency to over estimate how much other people share the same values as we do

Question 16

Cognitive biases:
Self-serving bias

Answer 16

Tendency success to internal and failure to external factors

Question 17

Cognitive biases:
Actor observer bias

Answer 17

Tendency to attribute our actions to external factors and others to internal factors

Question 18

Heuristics

Answer 18

Strategies or ‘mental shortcuts’ that enable individuals to form judgements, decisions and solutions quickly
(+)
-Quick decisions/solutions
-Sometimes accurate
-Adaptive and protective
(-)
-Prone to error and bias
-Base rate fallacy

Question 19

Base rate fallacy

Answer 19

Bias that is a result of heuristics
=Relies on prior experience when making decisions and solving problems

Question 20

Prejudice

Answer 20

Pre-judgement that you make about others before interacting with them
-stereotypes become beliefs

Question 21

Discrimination

Answer 21

Unique treatment of people due to their social group

Question 22

Discrimination: Indirect

Answer 22

Occurs when a practise consequently disadvantages a group or person

Question 23

Discrimination; Direct

Answer 23

Openly treated differently due to assosication with a particular group or characteristics

Question 24

Stigma

Answer 24

Feelings of shame or digrace experienced by an individual because of stereotyping and the resulting prejudice and discrimination

Question 25

Stigma: Social

Answer 25

Negative label caused by widespread beliefs

Question 26

Stigma: Self

Answer 26

Result of internalisation of negative stereotypes = poor self efficiency and esteem

Question 27

Reducing stigma

Answer 27

Education=providing knowledge and information to correct assumptions
Inter-group contact= Open disscussions to learn about others experiences
Social media= Used to call out prejudice or discrimination
Laws= Help to protect indivudals that experience discrimination