Judaism unit Flashcards
Exile and Return theme
historical narrative of the Jewish people being forced into exile, often due to punishment for their actions, followed by a prophesied return to their land, signifying a restoration of their connection with God and their identity as a people
Ex. Babylonian exile, Roman exile,
Reform Judaism
emphasizes the adaptability of Judaism to modern times
Orthodox Judaism
branch of Judaism that emphasizes traditional beliefs and practices
Hasidism
~sect of ultra-Orthodox Judaism
~ emphasis on emotional spiritual expression and pious devotion
Kosher
dietary framework :
~Land animals must have cloven (split) hooves and must chew the cud, meaning that they must eat grass.
~Seafood must have fins and scales. Eating shellfish is not allowed.
~It is forbidden to eat birds of prey. …
~Meat and dairy cannot be eaten together
Passover
seder//Holiday where you retell and celebrate the story of the Israelites being freed from slavery in Egypt,
Hanukkah
he holiday marks the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the 2nd century BC, after a small group of Jewish fighters liberated it from occupying foreign forces
Yom kipur
the Day of Atonement Leading up to and on that day, Jews traditionally ask for forgiveness for our wrongdoings from God and from our fellow human beings
Rosh Hashanah
a celebration of the creation of the world and marks making a fresh start. It is a holy day on which Jewish people are not expected to work.
What is Zionism?
a movement for (originally) the re-establishment and (now) the development and protection of a Jewish nation in what is now Israel.
How/why did Zionism emerge?
started as a nationalistic response to the ‘Jewish question’ // increased violence, emancipation, and anti-semitism in Europe against Jewish people
Zohar
Kabbalah literature: commentary on the mystical aspects of the Torah and scriptural interpretations as well as material on mysticism
Kabbalah
Jewish mystical philosophy and practice that seeks to understand the universe’s secret meaning
The “jewish question”
what should be done about the Jews?
political Zionism:
Sought to organize the Jews into a nation-state
Revisionist Zionism:
Militaristic form// saw war as an inevitable part of state founding
Religious Zionism:
~religious denomination that views Zionism as a fundamental part of Orthodox Judaism.
~based on the idea that Jewish nationality and the establishment of Israel are religious duties from the Torah.
10 sephirot:
In Kabbalah, the sefirot are emanations of God that represent aspects of his powers and qualities.
Torah
~the ‘‘law’’ or ‘‘teachings’’ of Judaism.
~contains the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, ~Numbers, and Deuteronomy.
~The written Torah is the first part of the Tanakh, the Jewish Hebrew Bible or Christian Old Testament.
Tanak
Hebrew Bible // Christian Old Testament
collective responsibility theme:
~the idea that all Jews are responsible for each other
~take on the obligation to pay the debt of their fellow Jews
~Ex. the great flood, plagues, exiles: seen as collective punishment
Abram // Abraham
he founding father of the covenant, the special relationship between the Jewish people and God—leading to the belief that the Jews are the chosen people of God.
Moses
~prophet who led the Israelites out of slavery in the Exodus.
~ considered the most important prophet in Judaism
King Solomon
the king of Israel who built the first Temple in Jerusalem
When was the original temple destroyed + the Jews exiled from Jerusalem
70 CE
What resulted from the exile from jerusalem?
In order to continue the practice of Judaism without the temple:
~Rabbinic Judaism and the tulmud
~Shift from written to oral
~ Mobility and the extension of holiness to family, homes and rabbis
Talmud
The Talmud is a collection of texts that includes the Mishnah and the Gemara and is a record of rabbinic debate over the Bible, philosophy, and law:
Mishnah
A written compilation of the Oral Torah, created around 200 CE
Gemara
A commentary on the Mishnah and related writings, created around 500 CE
Zealots
Started the uprising against the Romans
Essens
Mystics that are apart of communes in the wilderness
Sadduces
upper class priests and aristocrats
Pharisees
Jewish sect
distinguished by strict observance of the traditional and written law, and commonly held to have pretensions to superior sanctity.
Arch of the Covenant
In the Hebrew Bible, the Ark of the Covenant is the large golden chest that carries the tablets the Ten Commandments were written on.
Karaite
a small non-Rabbinical Jewish sect characterized by the recognition of the written Tanakh alone as its supreme authority in religious law
Halakhah
the comprehensive set of Jewish laws and practices that govern religious observances, daily life, and conduct
